We begin these podcasts with three big ideas – here are three big ideas concerning Federalist 81: 

Big idea one: in federalist 81, Hamilton endorsed the use of one final court of appeal in the USA: the Supreme Court. 

Big idea two: Hamilton also defended the creation of lower-level federal courts in Federalist 81 

Big idea three: Hamilton in Federalist 81 denied that the appellate process would result in the destruction of the right to trial by jury.