Wealth via buying broken steel mills.

“Turnaround capitalism” - buy ugly assets, fix them, compound. Mittal was known for acquiring underperforming steel assets and consolidating scale (Mittal Steel → global steel power).

Wealth via Alibaba, then regulatory shock.

Ma built Alibaba into a global e-commerce giant; then faced major regulatory headwinds after 2020, reshaping both public profile and fortune.

Wealth via energy → telecom platform

Reinvention: old-economy cashflows funding new-economy dominance. Reliance’s history shows the shift from industrial core into modern platforms (including Jio), backed by large-scale capital.

Wealth via telecom privatisation + consolidationSlim's empire also shows the downside: regulatorshave repeatedly targeted anti-competitive conduct (example: Telcel fine reported by Reuters in 2025).

Wealth via fast fashion supply chain

Built Inditex/Zara by mastering speed from design to store; his investment vehicle Pontegadea also became a major property buyer.

Wealth via luxury acquisitions and brand control

Luxury is “pricing power as a religion.”

Arnault entered luxury through acquiring Boussac(including Dior) and helped build LVMH into a global luxury giant.

Wealth via high-volatility “mission businesses”

Extreme risk tolerance + narrative + capital markets. Musk's wealth is driven largely by stakes in Tesla and SpaceX; Reutersreported Forbes estimated him reaching a $600b net worth on 15 Dec 2025 amid SpaceX IPO speculation.

Wealth via e-commerce flywheel

Reinvesting for years can look irrational - until it wins. Bezos founded Amazon in 1994 after leaving D. E. Shaw; wealth followed the growth of the Amazon ecosystem.

Wealth via Resource Ownership + Commodity Cycles

The asset was iron ore; the wealth engine was scale + timing. Gina Rinehart transformed Hancock Prospecting into one of Australia’s largest private mining empires. Her wealth was built not only on resource ownership, but on understanding commodity cycles, negotiating joint ventures, and maintaining majority control of core assets.

Wealth via Infrastructure Control + Strategic Capital Allocation

The assets were ports, property and utilities; the wealth engine was infrastructure dominance. Li Ka-shing built Cheung Kong and Hutchison Whampoa into global conglomerates controlling ports, telecoms, energy and real estate across continents. His power wasn’t flashy - it was foundational. Infrastructure ownership generates predictable cash flow, resilience, and long-term leverage.