FOCUS ON THE FIRST CENTURYHISTORY, SOCIETY, RELIGIONOVERVIEWExternal Influences from HistoryPersians and Greeks and Romans, Oh No!Ptolomeans, Seleucids, and Idumaeans, Too!Maccabean RevoltHasmonean DynastyHigh Priesthood and the Temple(s)Herodian DynastyFIRST CENTURY FOCUSJewish SocietyPoliticsReligious Sects, Beliefs, and WorshipViews of the MessiahRole of WomenThe DiasporaSome Examples of Cultural UnderstandingSamaritansTax CollectorsWomenGentilesReligious SectsMany EtceterasWHY?AppreciationUnderstandingImpactEXTERNAL INFLUENCES FROM HISTORYMain External InfluencesPersian InfluenceGreek InfluenceRoman InfluenceTimeline From Captivity to Greek ConquestA NOTE ABOUT ZOROASTRIANISMNature of ZoroastrianismDating ZarathustraAuthenticating ZarathustraChicken or Egg Problem for AnthropologistsSwings on DatesSimilarities Die with Most “Ancient” ManuscriptsManuscripts Differ Widely and According to TraditionConclusionPERSIAN STRENGTHCyrus Defeats Babylon – 539 BCSends Jews to Rebuild Temple – 538 BCMore Return With Ezra – 457 BCJudea Enjoys Peace Under Cyrus, Darius, and ArtaxerxesArtaxerxes III Heavy HandednessFINAL PROPHETIC WRITINGS ABOUT 415 BCMalachi is Last Written ProphetGreek Culture and Influence on the RiseSPARTA AND PERSIA (386 BC)Peace Between Sparta and PersiaSparta Forces Other Greek States to FollowSparta and the Athenian LeagueMake Peace Among the Greek City States (371 BC)Now Free to Spread Stronger InfluencePHILLIP OF MACEDONIATakes the Throne (359-336 BC)Makes War Against the Greek City StatesALEXANDER THE GREATPhillip’s Son Takes the Throne (336-323 BC)Continues His Father’s QuestConquers as Far as IndiaConquered Persia (Incl Palestine) 331 BCALEXANDER AND JUDEAJosephus Antiquities, XIDaniel 8:20-22Friendliness to Jews as ResultDEATH OF ALEXANDER 323 BCKingdom SplitsPeriod of PeaceTHE INHERITANTS RULEFour Horns of Daniel 8:20-22Ptolemy Soter, Lysimachus, Cassander, and SelenusPTOLEMEAN RULE – 323 to 204 BCEmpire Centered in EgyptSoter Goes Harsh to KindPhiladelphus Follows SuitExtensive Public WorksMany Jews Work in his Administrative Offices and ArmiesOT Translated into Greek - SeptuagintPhilopater’s Approach to the TemplePersecution of the JewsSuccession of Epiphanes, subsequent defeatNEXT WEEKRule of the SeleucidsMaccabean RevoltEffect on PriesthoodEffect on GovernanceHasmonean DynastyRoman AnnexationHerodian DynastyHomework - EdomGenesis 32-33Numbers 20:14-21Deuteronomy 21 Samuel 14:472 Samuel 8:1-141 Kings 9:262 Kings 14:1-72 Chronicles 20:1-23; 25:14-28Isaiah 34:5-8; 63:1-6Jeremiah 49:7-22
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