What does “church” mean? (continued)
The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: universal spiritual group (continued)
Matthew 16:13-20 (Acts 2:36-41)The term “universal church”The word “catholic” means “universal.”One single Savior ➡️ one, single group of saved people (church)The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: local spiritual group
I Corinthians 1:2I Thessalonians 1:1The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: local church assembly
I Corinthians 14:4, 5, 12, 19, 23, 28, 33, 34, 35I Corinthians 11:18, 22The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: Christians in certain regions
Acts 9:31The difference between “church” and “churches”
Number
“church”
“churches”
There is only one (Matthew 16:18; Ephesians 1:22-23; 4:4).
There are many (Revelation 22:16; Romans 16:16).
Salvation
“church”
“churches”
Membership is equivalent to salvation (Ephesians 5:23-29; Hebrews 12:22-24; Matthew 16:13-20).
Members are not necessarily saved (I Corinthians 5), and the saved are not necessarily members (Acts 8:38-39; Revelation 1:9; III John 1:9-10).
Scope
“church”
“churches”
This refers to ALL the saved (Acts 2:47).
This refers to a limited group of (presumably) saved people functioning collectively in Divinely authorized work (Philippians 1:1).
Entrance and removal
“church”
“churches”
God decides (Acts 2:47; John 15:6).
People decide (Acts 9:26-28; I Corinthians 5:2, 7, 13).
Beginning and ending
“church”
“churches”
The church began when people were first saved by Christ (~33 A.D., Acts 2:36-47) and will never come to an end (Matthew 16:18; I Thessalonians 4:17).
They begin and end any time since Acts 2 (Acts 11:21-26; 15:41; 16:5; Revelation 2:5).
Oversight
“church”
“churches”
Jesus is the head of the church (Ephesians 1:22-23). There are no earthly leaders.
Elders are to be appointed in every church (Acts 14:23; Titus 1:5).
Treasury
“church”
“churches”
There is none.
Churches collect and use money on a congregational level (I Corinthians 16:1-4; Philippians 4:15-16).
Work
“church”
“churches”
The word “church” in this sense simply refers to all saved people (Ephesians 5:23-29; Hebrews 12:22-24), but they are not a universally functioning entity.
Churches engage in lots of different actions and work.
Examples of the work of local churches:Help needy saints in the local church (Acts 6:1-6)Help needy saints in other churches (Romans 15:26)Add/subtract members (Acts 9:26-28; I Corinthians 5:13)Assembly to worship God and edify each other (I Corinthians 14:23-26)Have overseers and deacons (Philippians 1:1)Make decisions (I Corinthians 16:3)Help sinners repent (Matthew 18:17)Partake of the Lord’s Supper (I Corinthians 11:17-24)Sing spiritual songs (I Corinthians 14:26)Pray (I Corinthians 14:15)Teach God’s word (I Corinthians 14:26)Collect money (I Corinthians 16:2)Sound forth the word (I Thessalonians 1:8)Support preachers in other places (Philippians 4:15-16)Romans 16:16 - This verse is sometimes cited as authority for collective action.