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Focus on the First Century, Part 6

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  • Last lesson

    • Galilee
    • Samaritans
    • Temples
      • Gerizim
      • Elephantine
      • Heliopolis
      • End of rule for John Hyrcanus
      • Treacheries of Aristobulus

      • This lesson

        • Results of Aristobulus’ rule
        • Profane rule of Jannaeus
        • Last of the Hasmoneans
        • First of the Herodians

        • John Hyrcanus designates wife as heir

          • As ruler, not as priest
          • He dies in 104 BC
          • Son (Aristobulus) imprisons her and 3 brothers

          • Aristobulus now rules

            • Declares himself as both priest and king
            • Conquers the rest of Galilee and Iturea
            • Dies of illness after one year

            • Wife of Aristobulus nicer than husband

            • Jannaeus now high priest and king

              • Marries brother’s widow, Alexandra
                • Deuteronomy 25:5
                • Matthew 22:23-33
                • Spent younger years in Galilee
                • Vigorous military campaigns
                  • Gained much territory
                  • Lost same within several years
                  • Persecuted Pharisees
                  • Mocked the feasts

                  • Civil war

                    • Pharisees vs Sadducees, Hasmoneans
                    • 50,000 killed in six years
                    • Pharisees appeal to Seleucids for help
                      • Eventually dump foreign tyrants for native tyrant
                      • Jannaeus dies in 76 BC
                      • Queen Salome Alexandra takes throne

                      • Queen Alexandra

                        • Establishes Sanhedrin
                          • Rabbinical council
                          • Religious legislative powers
                          • Judicial authority
                          • Strengthens Judean army
                          • Appoints son, John Hyrcanus II, as high priest
                          • She dies in 67 BC
                          • Son takes throne

                          • John Hyrcanus II takes the throne

                            • Aristobulus II goes to war
                              • “Fight” at Jericho
                              • Siege at Jerusalem
                              • Hyrcanus surrenders with terms
                              • Antipater the Idumean
                                • Well-heeled noble from Idumea
                                • Skilled politician and diplomat
                                • Veteran governor of Idumea under Hasmoneans
                                • Sees Hyrcanus as weak and pliable

                                • Plots to replace Aristobulus

                                  • Places Hyrcanus with Nabateans
                                  • Makes promises for support

                                  • Siege of Jerusalem

                                    • Nabateans take 50,000 troops
                                    • They commit two serious offenses

                                    • Race for Roman support

                                      • General Scaurus is completing conquest in Syria
                                      • Both brothers try to bribe him
                                      • Initial call is in favor of Aristobulus

                                      • Pompey comes to town

                                        • More bribes
                                        • Pompey ignores bribes
                                        • Considers annexation of Judea instead

                                        • Caesar and Pompey contend for rule

                                          • Caesar wins, Antipater supports him
                                          • Antipater appointed governor of Judea
                                          • Hyrcanus appointed high priest, tetrarch

                                          • Coming weeks

                                            • Herodian Dynasty
                                            • Role of women in Jewish society
                                            • Social strata of Jerusalem
                                            • Religious sects
                                            • Purification
                                            • Laws of the Sabbath
                                              • ...more
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                                              ScriptureStreamBy Mark Watson
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