Last lessonAristobulus’ short ruleProfane rule of JannaeusAlexandra Salome’s accomplishmentsRivalry of brothersIdumean intrigueFirst of the HerodiansThis lessonAdventures of Aristobulus IIHerodian Dynasty solidifiesThe last HasmoneanThe reign of Herod the Great, Part 1Antipater is governorCourt Julius Caesar’s favorAppointed procurator of JudeaJudean semi-autonomyAntipater appoints sons to powerPhasael becomes governor of JerusalemHerod appointed governor of GalileeAristobulus unchainedEscapes Rome in 57 B.C.Another rebellion against RomeChased into Syria by RomansTrapped in MachaerusPrisoner of Rome – again“Kindness” of Julius CaesarPompey’s interventionMalice MalichusTaxed by CassiusSaved by AntipaterCompletes his mission anyway in 43 B.C.Herod and brother are TetrarchsHerod is over GalileePhasael is over JudeaWar of 40 B.C.War of 40 B.C.Antigonus revoltsHerod and Phasael defend JerusalemAntigonus allies with ParthiaInvades eastern portion of the regionPhasael and Hyranus taken prisonerPhasael dies and Hyrcanus banishedAntigonus permanently removes Hyrcanus II from high priesthood by having his servants bite off his ears. (c.f. Leviticus 21:17-24)Herod escapes to RomeAntigonus now king and high priestHerod now hero in RomeParaded by Caesar before the senateGiven titleSent home with an armyHerod prevails against AntigonusSends Antigonus to Marc AnthonyDisposes of himHerod solidifies positionMarries granddaughter of John Hyrcanus IIAppoints Aristobulus III as high priest in 36 B.C.Brings John Hyrcanus II home from exileAristobulus retires a year later, age 18Hyrcanus “retires” at age 80 in 30 B.C.End of the Hasmonean “problem”Herod still doesn’t feel secureMariamne I accused and triedHer mother testifies against herMariamne found guilty, executedMother self-declares as queen, is executedTwo more “problems”Sons Alexander and Aristobulus accusedTurned over to Octavius for executionNo Hasmoneans are left aliveHerod in power many yearsReigned 33 years (not in power all of them)Lived 70 yearsBoth praised and reviledMuch elaborate infrastructureMultiple palacesAqueducts, ports, roads, etc.Major temple renovationRuthless, even to own familyComing weeksMore of the Herodian DynastyRole of women in Jewish societySocial strata of JerusalemReligious sectsPurificationLaws of the Sabbath
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