The sheer power of nature to wreak havoc on humanity is discussed as we cover the most destructive volcanic eruption in recent human history.

Sources:

The Eruption of Krakatoa, and subsequent phenomena - Report of the Krakatoa Committee of the Royal Society. (https://archive.org/details/eruptionkrakato00whipgoog)

KSC VAB Aeroacoustic Hazard Assessment - NASA (Page 43 - https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110002902.pdf)

Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded - Simon Winchester (Book)

Volcanoes, Ice and Destructive Waves - Frank Press (Article: http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/170/1/press.pdf)

Near and far-field effects of tsunamis generated by the paroxysmal eruptions, explosions, caldera collapses and massive slope failures of the Krakatau Volcano in Indonesia on August 26-27, 1883 - George Pararas-Carayannis (http://library.lanl.gov/tsunami/ts214.pdf)

William Ashcroft’s Krakatoa Paintings - https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/363999/view/krakatoa-sunsets-1883-artworks

“Why the sky was red in Munch’s ‘The Scream’” - CNN (http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/space/12/10/scream.munch.reut/)

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Krakatau.html - San Diego State University Eye Witness Accounts

Krakatoa Revealed (Documentary - https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00791fm)

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/how-krakatoa-made-the-biggest-bang-5336165.html

https://www.livescience.com/28186-krakatoa.html

Krakatau, 1883 - the volcanic eruption and its effects - Tom Simkin, Richard S. Fiske (Book)

http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/describe-1883-eruption-krakatau

"What is a train?" and other questions are discussed as we try to determine what really was the first train in history.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockton_and_Darlington_Railway

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stephenson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion_No._1

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stockton-and-Darlington-Railway

http://spartacus-educational.com/RAstockton.htm

http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1136

https://www.ice.org.uk/what-is-civil-engineering/what-do-civil-engineers-do/stockton-and-darlington-railway

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway

http://beforebefore.net/scima200/media/wolfgang-schivelbusch-railroad-space-and-railroad-time-1.pdf (really cool article)

In this episode we discuss how a seemingly unremarkable English University decided to protest against the British government by... declaring independence.

Sources:

Keele Oral History Project

https://www.keele.ac.uk/thekeeleoralhistoryproject/declarationofindependence/

https://www.keele.ac.uk/media/keeleuniversity/alumni/UDI%203%20C%20Parkins.jpg

In this episode we discuss Napoleon's campaign in Egypt, his alleged devotion to Islam and where the Rosetta stone should be.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyramids

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_Cairo

https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/napoleon/facts-and-figures/napoleon-in-egypt.html

https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/articles/napoleon-in-egypt/

https://www.thoughtco.com/napoleons-egyptian-campaign-1221695

https://www.warhistoryonline.com/featured/did-you-know-napoleon-was-a-serious-admirer-of-islam.html

In this episode we discuss the legendary Finnish sniper 'The White Death' and his impact on the Winter War in 1939.

Sources:

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1517044/The-long-view.html

The White Sniper - Tapio Saarelainen (Book)

https://www.ranker.com/list/facts-about-finnish-sniper-simo-hayha/christopher-myers

https://www.simohayha.com/

https://nordic.businessinsider.com/the-incredible-life-of-simo-hayha-the-worlds-deadliest-sniper-who-killed-hundreds-during-the-winter-war-2017-3/

Motti Tactics in Finnish Military Historiography since World War 2 - Pasi Tuunanien (Article)

https://www.historyextra.com/period/the-worlds-deadliest-sniper-simo-hayha/

In this episode we discuss the actual first Europeans to discover America (probably) as well as why 'firsts' matter in history and whether Europe was truly 'dark' during the Viking age.

Apologies for the slight echo, it is only significant in this episode.

Sources:

http://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/vinland/home/indexen.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif_Erikson

https://www.bartleby.com/43/1.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_saga

https://notendur.hi.is/haukurth/utgafa/greenlanders.html