Krypton atomic number 36 is a noble gas used in high speed cameras precision lighting space imaging and scientific research with global supply dominated by USA Ukraine and Russia

Bromine atomic number 35 is the only liquid non metal and a key element for fire safety pharmaceuticals and chemical manufacturing with India relying on global supply led by Israel China and Jordan

Selenium atomic number 34 converts light into electricity and data making it vital for solar energy imaging electronics and clean technology growth in India with global supply dominated by China Japan and Germany

Arsenic atomic number 33 is both toxic and transformative Used in semiconductors and cancer treatment arsenic plays a key role in electronics healthcare and water safety with tightly controlled global supply chains

Germanium atomic number 32 powers fiber optic internet infrared imaging solar panels and digital infrastructure Germanium is essential for high speed communication AI data centers and renewable energy with China Russia and Canada controlling global supply

Zinc protects steel from corrosion through galvanization. It has atomic number 30 and extends the life of infrastructure. Sources include the International Lead and Zinc Study Group.

Gallium element atomic number 31 is critical for semiconductors aerospace electronics radars and defense systems Gallium Nitride chips power satellites aircraft avionics and India Semiconductor Mission making Gallium a strategic metal controlled by China Germany and Japan

Copper enables electricity transmission and electrification. It has atomic number 29 and is essential for power grids and electric vehicles. Sources include IEA grid infrastructure reports.

Nickel increases battery energy density and supports stainless steel. It has atomic number 28 and is vital for electric vehicles and industry. Sources include World Bank commodity analysis.

Cobalt improves battery performance but faces supply risks. It has atomic number 27 and is mainly used in electric vehicle batteries. Sources include IEA critical minerals data.