A sweeping plan to remove India’s free-living dogs is racing ahead on shaky ground and the consequences could hit far beyond one country’s borders. We sit down with anthrozoologist and behavior expert Sindhoor Pangal to explain why uprooting tens of millions of dogs from their neighborhoods won’t curb bites or rabies, and how it actually increases danger for people and animals alike.

We trace India’s decades-long success with ABC-ARV—animal birth control plus anti-rabies vaccination—now a WHO-endorsed approach that drives down bites and stabilizes populations when implemented well. Sindhoor breaks down the vacuum effect that follows mass removal: rats and other scavengers surge, wildlife conflict grows, and unvaccinated dogs quickly repopulate. We explore the public health math behind herd immunity, the real-world limits of shelter capacity, and how crowded kennels can become hotbeds for zoonotic disease and antibiotic resistance.

Beyond numbers, we dig into the social lives of street dogs: loose, adaptive groups that coexist with people through routine, territory, and agency. Disrupt that fabric, and fear spreads. Stressed dogs labeled “biters” struggle in shelters; warier dogs remain on the street and pass defensive strategies to the next generation through social learning and epigenetic pathways. The alternative is both humane and practical: sustained ABC-ARV coverage, smarter waste management, simple environmental tweaks like moving feeding spots off busy walkways, and public education on safe interactions that slashes bite risk at a fraction of the cost.

If you care about dogs, public health, or evidence-based policy, this conversation matters. Help amplify the science, push back on panic-driven decisions, and support experts doing the work on the ground. Subscribe, share this episode with a friend, and leave a review to keep the conversation and the momentum going.

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