Throughout King James VI of Scotland's turbulent childhood, he was buffeted by the waves of violent power politics and court intrigue. He was repeatedly captured, released, befriended, and betrayed by unscrupulous nobles, even as the Presbyterian Kirk under Andrew Melvill was pressing for greater and greater Kirk independence. Finally, after the Ruthven Raid of 1582-3, the young King James had enough, and he finally declared an end to his eventful minority.