Time is not a universal constant. According to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, time is relative and is affected by both speed and gravity. This phenomenon, known as time dilation, means that astronauts traveling at high speeds age slightly slower than people on Earth, while time also passes infinitesimally faster at higher elevations where gravity is weaker. On a cosmic scale, the universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old. To put historical time into perspective, the ancient Egyptian queen Cleopatra lived closer in time to the modern era than she did to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

The measurement of time has reached incredible precision, with the shortest unit ever recorded being the zeptosecond. This stands in stark contrast to early timekeeping methods, such as the sundials and water clocks used by ancient civilizations. Earth's own timekeeping is not static; the planet's rotation is gradually slowing, causing days to become slightly longer over centuries. Time perception also varies in the animal kingdom, as smaller creatures with faster metabolisms experience the world in slow motion compared to humans. For managing personal time, the Pomodoro Technique is a popular productivity method that improves focus by breaking work into 25-minute intervals.

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