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Today we fill in the movement we haven’t spoken about yet; the second movement.

This is usually the “Slow” movement. But what exactly does “Slow Movement” mean?

Please join me and together we will find out.

Two full length works, and one slow movement, all by Mozart, in today’s programme! Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concerto No 21 Elvira Madigan – Andante movement Jan Lisiecki with the Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks conducted by Christian Zacharias · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Sonata K333 · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Sonata K333 Performed by Alfred Brendel · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony number 40, K 550 Performed by an unnamed orchestra and conductor

We have been building up our knowledge of multi-movement works over the last few weeks.

So, today we are going to practice listening to Rondo and Rondo Sonata forms, in stand-alone pieces as well as final movements. Beethoven, Mendelssohn, and Mozart feature.

And to conclude, the magnificent Sonata in A for Piano and Violin by Cesar Franck.

Please join me! Ludwig von Beethoven: Für Elize Bagatelle No. 25 in A Minor, WoO 59 Performed by Alfred Brendel · Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy: Rondo capriccioso in E Major, Op. 14, MWV U67 Performed by Murray Perahia · Ludwig von Beethoven: String Quartet number 1, opus 18 no 1 Performed by the Hagen String Quartet · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concerto number 21 Performed by Maurizio Pollini and the Wiener Philharmoniker · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Sonata K333 Performed by Alfred Brendel · Cesar Franck: Sonata for Piano and Violin Performed by Itzhak Perlman and Vladimir Ashkenazy · Cesar Franck: Sonata for Piano and Violin Performed by Itzhak Perlman and Vladimir Ashkenazy · Cesar Franck: Sonata for Piano and Violin Performed by Itzhak Perlman and Vladimir Ashkenazy · Cesar Franck: Sonata for Piano and Violin Performed by Itzhak Perlman and Vladimir Ashkenazy

Today we are looking at third movements of large works in compound Ternary form, so today we have music by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms, and Prokofiev. We can dance a few Minuets, a Gavotte and a Musette, and also share in a joke or two.

Please join me! Josef Haydn: Symphony 92 “Oxford” Hob I:92 Performed by the Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Carl Böhm · Ludwig von Beethoven: String Quartet number 1, opus 18 no 1 Performed by the Hagen String Quartet · Johannes Brahms: Intermezzo Opus 117 no 1 Performed by Radu Lupu · Sergei Sergejewitsch Prokofiev: Symphony 1 in D, Opus 25 “Classical” Performed by the Berliner Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Franz Schubert: Symphony number 9 in C major, D944 “The Great” Performed by the Royal Concertgebouw orchestra conducted by Leonard Bernstein · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: String Quartet number 14, opus K387 “Spring” Performed by the Emerson String Quartet · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony 41 in C Major, K551 ”Jupiter” Performed by the Berliner Philharmoniker conducted by Carl Böhm · Ludwig von Beethoven: Sonata Opus 2 no 2 Performed by Murray Perahia

Continuing our exploration of first movements in Sonata form, today we have music by Haydn, Clementi, Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms, Ravel and Prokofiev.

Please join me! Muzio Clementi: Concerto in C written in 1796 Performed by Pietro Spado and The Philharmonia, conducted by Francesco d’Avalos · Maurice Ravel: Sonatine M40 Performed by Jean-Yves Thibaudet · Josef Haydn: Symphony 92 “Oxford” Hob I:92 Performed by the Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Leonard Bernstein · Ludwig von Beethoven: String Quartet number 1, opus 18 no 1 Performed by the Emerson String Quartet · Johannes Brahms: Rhapsody Opus 79 no2 Performed by Radu Lupu · Sergei Sergejewitsch Prokofiev: Symphony 1 in D, Opus 25 “Classical” Performed by the Berliner Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Franz Schubert: Symphony number 9 in C major, D944 “The Great” Performed by the Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Sir Georg Solti

More music by Mozart today.

Please join me today and discover what Mozart’s Concertos, Sonatas, String Quartets, Symphonies and Operas have in common, apart from their composer!

I have selected 6 first movements from the above works to illustrate what they have in common. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concerto number Piano Concerto No. 9 in E-flat major, K. 271 (Jeunehomme) Performed by Alexandre Tharaud and Ensemble Le Balcon directed by Maxime Pascal · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony 40 in G Minor, K550 Performed by an unnamed Orchestra and conductor · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Sonata for Piano in B flat Major, K333 Performed by Alfred Brendel · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: String Quartet number 14, opus K387 “Spring” Performed by the Emerson String Quartet · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Overture to “Don Giovanni“, K527 Performed by an unnamed Orchestra and conductor · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony 41 in C Major, K551 ”Jupiter” Performed by an unnamed Orchestra and conductor

Two A major Concerto’s by Mozart today.

Mozart’s Concertos for Piano and for Clarinet, are both in A major. This is one of Mozart’s “happy keys”, along with E flat major and C major. In the context of the Doctrine of the Affections, each musical key was believed to have its own inherent emotional qualities, and composers used these keys deliberately to evoke specific emotions or moods in their compositions. A major, with its bright and open character, was often seen as a key suitable for expressing joy, celebration, and positive emotions.

So please come and share some joy, celebration and positive emotions as I introduce you to the structure called “Concerto” in a way that you will not easily forget. Music links for Programme 23: Mozart and the Concerto Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concerto number 23 in A Major K488 Performed by Maurizio Pollini and Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Karl Bohm · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A Major K622 Performed by Martin Fröst and Amsterdam Sinfonietta conducted by Peter Oundjian · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A Major K622 Performed by Martin Fröst and Amsterdam Sinfonietta conducted by Peter Oundjian · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A Major K622 Performed by Martin Fröst and Amsterdam Sinfonietta conducted by Peter Oundjian · Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Songs Without Words Book 1 Opus 19 Performed by Daniel Gortler

So, let us imagine that you are listening to a piece of music, but you cannot place it. What is its name?

We starting looking at musical fingerprints in this episode, things that can help us find out what that piece of music is. Domenico Scarlatti: Sonata in E major Kk380 Performed on Harpsicord by Scott Ross · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Serenade in G major K525 “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik“ Mvt 2.Romance Performed by Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by James Levine · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concerto number 21 Performed by Maurizio Pollini and Orchestra filarmonica della Scala conducted by Riccardo Muti · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Sonata no 4, K282, (second movement) Menuetto I-II Performed by Mitsuko Uchida · Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Songs Without Words Book 1 Opus 19 Performed by Daniel Gortler

We conclude this section of the “about Music” introduction to Musical Structure, taking the structure of Ternary Form to the next level and introducing Rondo form. These two structures pop up in unusual places, but more often they are integral parts of almost all multi-movement works, such as Concertos, Symphonies, Sonatas, and more. So it’s worth understanding them!

And, why would I include “Land of Hope and Glory”? Join me, and find out!

So what happens next week? Something new … based on something old. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Elegy for Strings (Elegy for Ivan Samarin) 1884 Performed by the London Chamber Orchestra, with Christopher Warren-Green · Gabriel Faure: Sicilienne from the Incidental Music to “Pelleas et Melisande” Opus 80 no 4 Performed by The Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Seiji Ozawa · Johannes Brahms: Romance. Opus 118 no 5 Performed by Radu Lupu · Ludwig von Beethoven: Für Elize, Bagatelle no25 in A Minor, WoO 59 Performed by Igor Levit · Louis-Claude Daquin: The Coucou Performed by Robert Aldwinckle · Frans Anton Hoffmeister: Concerto for Viola (third movement) Performed and conducted by Gérard Caussé with the Solistes de Montpellier-Moscou · Emanuel Charbrier: Scherzo-Valse from the “Suite Pastorale” Movement 4 Performed by the Wiener Philharmonic conducted by John Eliot Gardiner · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Sonata no 4, K282, (second movement) Menuetto I-II Performed by Mitsuko Uchida · Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony 40, K550, (third movement) Performed by the London Mozart Players · Edward Elgar: Pomp and Circumstance March Opus 39 no 1 Performed by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by David Parry

We will have quite a lot of practice with Binary form today, using Scarlatti Sonatas; and a full description of Ternary form with music by Tchaikovsky and Mendelssohn Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika (South African National Anthem) Performed by Inno nazionale sudafricano · Domenico Scarlatti: Sonatas K13, 8, and 159 Performed by Angela Hewitt · Domenico Scarlatti: Sonatas K13, 8, and 159 Performed by Angela Hewitt · Domenico Scarlatti: Sonatas K13, 8, and 159 Performed by Angela Hewitt · Domenico Scarlatti: Sonata K299 Performed by Claudio Colombo · Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Mazurka Opus 39 no 10 Performed by Orchestra Arcangelo Corelli, conducted by Jacopo Rivani · Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Scene from Swan Lake Opus 20 TH.12 / Act 2 no 10 Performed by Orchestre symphonique de Montréal conducted by Charles Dutoit · Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Waltz of the Flowers from “The Nutcracker” Ballet Performed by Munich Symphony Orchestra with an unnamed conductor · Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Songs Without Words Book 1 Opus 19 Performed by Daniel Gortler

In today’s programme we are going to listen to the full work By Gustav Holst, entitled The Planets.

The seven movements (excluding Earth and the as yet undiscovered Pluto) are:

1. Mars, the Bringer of War

2. Venus, the Bringer of Peace

3. Mercury, the Winged Messanger

4. Jupiter, the Bringer of Jollity

5. Saturn, the Bringer of Old Age

6. Uranus, the Magician

7. Neptune, the Mystic

That will be followed by another two Scarlatti Sonatas, illustrating characteristic 4 of Binary form:

Contrasting Themes: The A section usually presents a musical idea or theme, followed by a contrasting theme in the B section. This contrast provides variety and interest in the composition. This contrast provides variety and interest in the composition, creating a sense of tension and release. Gustav Holst: The Planets Performed by: The Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Gustav Holst: The Planets Performed by: The Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Gustav Holst: The Planets Performed by: The Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Gustav Holst: The Planets Performed by: The Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Gustav Holst: The Planets Performed by: The Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Gustav Holst: The Planets Performed by: The Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Gustav Holst: The Planets Performed by: The Wiener Philharmoniker conducted by Herbert von Karajan · Domenico Scarlatti: Sonatas Performed by Angela Hewitt · Domenico Scarlatti: Sonatas Performed by Angela Hewitt