gene x environment – ASF Weekly Science Podcasts

Is it genes or is it the environment? or is it a combination? This question has plagued researchers and scientists and caused a lot of confusion in families about what caused their own or their child’s ASD. This week we review the mechanisms by which de-novo mutations could be the work of gene x environment interactions, and share new evidence of how SSRI’s do or don’t contribute to ASD through gene x environment interactions. We also want to recognize the valuable work of scientist Li-Ching Lee to these efforts. Dr. Lee recently passed away but will be sorely missed.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34002022/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34116791/

Welcome to 2021! Over the holiday break, autism researchers were busy coming up with answers to important questions: 1) how does an environmental exposure relevant to ASD change gene expression and 2) does Telehealth work and for whom? The first question was addressed by an ASF undergraduate who published in Nature. He is going to go on to do great things.

Girls and boys with autism generally show the same symptoms of ASD overall, but what about different aspects of features? What would happen if you studied girls and boys separately and examined detailed assessments of things like motor skills, repetitive behavior, communication or social interaction? These are where subtle signs of differences between genders is showing up. Girls show a higher age of diagnosis, but that depends on cognitive ability. Also, girls with ASD seem to have superior social interaction skills, which reflects normal gender differences. These differences are magnified over time. A new study also looks at Vitamin D levels during pregnancy and outcome in boys vs. girls…..the results are still unclear but interesting.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33137209/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33135392/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33136459/

This week the ASF Podcast explores two ways to better understand the environmental influences in ASD diagnosis: 1. through potential cost savings of avoided cases of ASD due to reduced air pollution and 2. by studying pre-conception exposures going back as far as the grandparents exposure. These two concepts do not prove any one thing, including one environmental factor, causes ASD, however, using these approaches may improve understanding of ASD and allow for legislation that improves many health outcomes in children. Below are the two references:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32749866/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32704384/