General Surgery in English

In Episode 04, we discuss Mastalgia—a common breast pain affecting 50–70% of women. Learn to differentiate cyclical (hormone-related) and non-cyclical (localized, often musculoskeletal) types, key diagnostics to rule out malignancy, and evidence-based treatments from NSAIDs to antiestrogens. Essential for surgeons, residents, and students managing breast pain.

In Episode 03 of our General Surgery podcast, we delve into Benign Breast Disease, exploring its complex nomenclature, etiology, and pathological classification under the Aberrations of Normal Development and Involution (ANDI) framework. We discuss the hormonal influences on breast tissue, key pathological features like hyperplasia, papillomas, and cysts, as well as their clinical presentations—mastalgia, nodularity, and discrete lumps. This episode provides a structured approach to understanding, diagnosing, and managing these common yet often misunderstood conditions, essential for surgical trainees and practitioners alike.

In Episode 02: Investigations for Breast Symptoms, we delve into the essential Triple Assessment approach for evaluating breast lumps, nipple discharge, and related symptoms. This comprehensive method combines clinical examination, radiological imaging (mammography, ultrasound, MRI), and tissue sampling to achieve near-perfect diagnostic accuracy. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality, including BI-RADS classification, and explore optimal biopsy techniques such as core needle and vacuum-assisted biopsy. Tune in to enhance your understanding of evidence-based breast symptom evaluation for improved patient care.

In this inaugural episode, we delve into the comparative and surgical anatomy of the breast, a foundational topic for surgeons and trainees alike. We explore key aspects such as location, parenchymal structure (including the disease-prone TDLU), supportive tissues, and the intricate lymphatic drainage pathways—essential knowledge for clinical examination and surgical planning. Special emphasis is placed on anatomical variations, the axillary tail’s diagnostic pitfalls, and the surgical relevance of axillary lymph node levels. Tune in to strengthen your anatomical precision and enhance patient care in breast surgery.

In this episode, we explore the Mathes and Nahai classification, a fundamental system for categorizing muscle flaps in reconstructive surgery. Using insights from Bailey and Love’s (28th ed.), we break down the five muscle flap types, their vascular supply, and clinical applications. Tune in to enhance your understanding of flap selection and surgical planning in reconstruction!

In this episode, let’s dive into the Chicago Classification, the gold standard for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders. Using insights from Bailey and Love’s (28th ed.) and Sabiston (21st ed.), let’s break down its key components, classifications, and clinical relevance. Tune in to understand how high-resolution manometry helps in diagnosing conditions like achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, and more!