Verse 1-6

• “Partakers of the heavenly calling” – Heb 6:4, 8:5, 9:23, 11:16, 12:22, Matt 6:9-10, Luke 11:13

i. Don’t be confused – Heavenly calling is different than a position in the heavens.

• “Consider” – set your mind upon. The writer wants their audience to see how Jesus was a faithful high priest, more than Moses.

• “Apostle and high priest”

ii. Apostle = One sent forth with orders, messenger, delegate.

iii. High Priest = Chief priest, holding the high priestly position – whenever you see priest mentioned you know its audience is Israel.

• “Who was faithful to him that appointed him” – John 5:36, 17:4.

• “As also Moses was faithful in all his house” – Exo 40:1-16, Num 12:1-8

• Verse 3 – Jesus is worthy of more honour than Moses being the builder of the house, Moses being part of it – Acts 7:38, Matt 16:18, 1Pet 2:5.

• Verse 4 – A physical reality used to show a spiritual/biblical one – God is creator of all, the world (Col 1:16), Israel (Exo 4:22, Isa 64:8), Body of Christ (Eph 2:10).

• “Moses… faithful…. In his house… as a servant” – Exo 14:31.

i. “For a testimony of those things spoken after” – Deut 18:15-19, John 1:45, 5:46, Acts 3:22.

ii. The things Christ would speak – Matt 4:17

• “Jesus…..faithful(vs2)…as son… over his house” – The writer in these verses is showing how Jesus Christ is greater than Moses.

• “Whose house are we, if we hold fast” – Matt 10:22, Rev 2:25-26, Matt 6:14-15. If-Then = under the law.

Verse 7-14

• “As the Holy Ghost saith” – The next few verses are quotes from Psalmd 95:7-11.

• “Take heed” – A warning to not be like the generation in the wilderness that had unbelief and do not make it to the promised land.

• “Exhort one another daily” – So that they do not slip, fall away.

• “Partakers of Christ….if we hold…..Steadfast unto the end” – Matt 24:9-10

• “The beginning of our confidence” – vs 6, 10:35, 1John 2:27-28 (John 15:1-14), 3:18-24, 5:14.

• “Unit the end” – 1Peter 1:7-13.

Verse 15-4:1

• Vs 15 – Quoting Psalm 95:8

• Vs 16-19 – Using Israel in the wilderness ass an example – Num 14.

• 4:1 - A warning to the remnant to not be like those in Israel in the day of they murmured again God and didn’t go in the land.

• The remnant must trust God unto the end, even through the tribulation.

• Old covenant Israel is an example for New covenant Israel, Not the body of Christ.

Verse 9-10

• “But we see Jesus” – Here the writer identifies the name of the Son, the Messiah, Christ Jesus.

• “Who was made a little lower than the angels” – Because he put on flesh – Psalm 8:5, Phil 2:5-7, Gal 4:4.

• “For the suffering of death” – Part of the purpose for which he came – Isaiah 53, Luke 24:44-46

• “Crowned with glory and honour” – Because of his work, being God, triumphing over his enemies – Isaiah 53:11, Acts 2:33, 3:13, 5:31, Phil 2:8-9, Col 2:15.

• “Taste death for every man” – This is the judgement of God – Gen 2:15-17, 3:17-19, Matt 10:28, Rom 6:23, 1Cor 15:25-26.

i. The gospel message is that Jesus paid our debt, he died – Phil 2:8, Luke 23:46, Rom 5:6-8

• “Him for whom are all things and by whom are all things – Jesus Christ – Col 1:16-17.

• In bringing many sons unto glory” – John 1:12, Psalm 102:16, Isa 62:1-3, 1Pet 1:11, 5:10.

• “Captain of their salvation” – Acts 3:15, 5:31.

• “Perfect through sufferings” – Not that his person needed to be made perfect but his experience, tasting death and suffering temptation makes him the complete captain and author of Israel’s salvation.

Verse 11-13

• “He that sanctified hand they who are sanctified are all of one” – God – John 17:17-22

• “He is not ashamed to call them brethren”

ii. Psalms 22:2 (church = congregation – Acts 7:38)

iii. 2Sam 22:3

iv. Isa 8:18

Verse 14-18

• “Flesh and blood, He also himself took part in the same” – John 1:14, 1Tim 3:16

• “That through death He might destroy….. the devil” – Col 2:15, Rev 1:18 – He had to become man to experience and defeat death.

• Verse 15 – His triumph over death gives him power to deliver others from it

i. .We are freed from the bondage of the “fear of death” – 2Tim 1:10

• Verse 16 – He took on him the nature of man, not angels.

i. “Seed of Abraham” – Isa 41:8-9, John 1:11

• Verse 17 – It was necessary for him to become man, experience temptation, defeat death so that he could make reconciliation for Israel as a faithful priest -Heb 4:15

• Verse 18 – He suffered through temptation but did not sin making him complete to help those who are tempted -

Verse 1-4

• “Therefore” – The thing proceeding in the following verse are argued from the point made in chapter 1 – Jesus is the Son of God.

• “We ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard” – Heb 1:2, Matt 28:18-20.

• “Lest at any time we should let them slip” – James 1:22-25, Luke 6:47-49, John 14:21.

• Verses 2-4 is comparing Jesus earthly ministry/doctrine to Law. NT>OT but both have consequences for those who do not obey.

• “For it the word spoken by angels” = The law – Deut 33:2, Acts 7:53, Gal 3:19

• “Every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense of reward” – Deut 17:12, Num 15:30-36.

• “How shall we escape” – Notice the “we”. Rejecting the message of Jesus results in the same judgement as disobedience to the law – Heb 10:28-31, Acst 5:1-11, Luke 12:4-5, Matt 10:28.

• “So great salvation” – Doesn’t have to be talking about soul salvation of sins – Exo 14:13, 1Sam 11:13, 19:5.

i. This Salvation is spoken in MMLJ – Luke 1:69,77, 2:30, John4:22

ii. The cross was not preached for salvation – Luke 9:6, 18:31-34, Matt 6:10-15, 19:16-17, Mark 13:13.

• “Which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord” – This makes it clear that the content of Hebrews is for remnant Israel – Matt 4:17, John 6:68-69.

• “And was confirmed unto us by them that heard him” – Rom 15:8, Acts 2:16, 3:19-21, 2Pet 1:16-21.

i. The author of Hebrews then cannot be Paul as he did not receive his message from any of the disciples – Gal 1:11-19.

• “Verse 4” – Mark 16:15-20 - This is how God would confirm his message throughout scripture

Verse 5-8

• Gods purpose was for man to have dominion, not angels – Gen 1:28

• “World to come” – What Israel looks forward to – Heb 6:5, 13:14, 2Pet 3:13.

• The writer uses prophecy to show that Gods purpose was for man to have dominion and how this is fulfilled in Jesus – Dan 7:13-14

• “Verse 6-8” – Psalm 8:4-6, Job 7:17.

• “Nothing that is not put under him” – This includes angels – Matt 28:18, 1Pet 3:22

• “We see not yet all things put under him” – The kingdom had not yet come, they are still waiting.

Verse 2-4

• “By his son” – This is the topic of this chapter, Jesus was the Son of God the only begotten of the Fsther – John 1:14,18, 3:16, Heb 1:5.

• Only begotten ~only one of its kind~ - Heb 11:17-19, Gen 6:2, Job 1:6, John 1:12, Rom 8:14.

• “Whom he hath appointed heir of all things” – Because he is the creator of all things.

• “By whom also he made the worlds” – Shows his power as God – Col 1:15, John 1:3, Eph 3:9.

• “Who was the brightness of his glory” – John 1:14, Matt 17:1-2, 2Pet 1:16-17, John 12:39-41, Isa 6:1-4,9-10. The flesh was a veil, but his glory still shone through.

• “And the express image of his person” – Strongs ~the exact expression of any person or thing, marked in likeness, exact reproduction in every aspect~ Col 1:16

• “Upholding all things by the word of his power” – By him all things exist and consist - Col 1:17, Gen 1, Rev 19:15,21

• “When he had by himself purged our sin” – He was God, he didn’t need help to purge sins.

• “He sat down at the right hand of Gods” – Where he is today. (Standing in acts 7:56)

• “Being made so much better than the angels” – So much better, no comparison – Col 1;16, Psalm 103:20, Rom 8:38-39, Acts 7:51,

• “A more excellent name than they” – Isa 9:6-7. Luke 1:32-33, Phil 2:9-11

Verse 5-7

• “This day have I begotten thee” – At the resurrection - Psalms 2:7, Acts 13:33, Heb 5:5 – His name is not only Jesus but Son – Rom 1:4, Matt 3:17, 17:5

• “I will be to him a Father” – 2Sam 7:13-14

• “And let all the angels of God worship him” – Psalm 97:7, Jon 1:6, Neh 9:6, Luke 2:13

• “And his ministers a flame of fire” - Angels are his ministers – Psalm 104:4, Matt 4:11, Luke 22:43

Verse 8-14

• “But unto the Son he saith” - Contrasting between angels being ministers and the Son be over all.

• Vs 8-9 – Psalm 45:6-7.

• “Unto the Son He saith…. O God” – Showing Jesus deity.

• Vs 10-11 – Psalms 102:25-27, Isa 51:6

• “But thou art the same” – Heb 13:8, Mal 3:6

• Vs 13 – Psalm 110:1

• Vs 13-14 – The angels do not have a position at the right hand of the Father, they are his ministers.

• “Heirs of salvation” Believing Israel – Rom 11:25-27, Isa 62:1.

• Conclusion – Heb 2:18

OVERVIEW

a) Pure speculation on authorship… Luke – Luke 1:1-2 cf Heb 2:3-4.

• Words in Luke 19,482, Acts 18,450, Hebrews 4,953 – Heb13:22

• Would make sense why the reference to Timothy – Acts 16:1-10 cf Heb 13:23.

• Neither Luke nor Acts name the author.

b) Hebrews is the longest of the Hebrew epistles. As Romans is to the BoC, Hebrews is to NC Israel/Remnant. It is the foundational doctrinal book for NT Israel

c) Popular passages in Hebrews – Heb 4:12,16, 9:27,10:4,25, 11:1,6, 12:1-2, 6-7, 13:5-6

d) Important but ignored passages – Heb 1:1-2, 2:3-4, 6:4-6, 9-11, 7:12,19,8:13, 9:15-17,28, 12:28.

e) Summary of the book in sections – Heb 6:1

• The first principles of doctrine of Christ: ch 1-5

1) 1:3-14 – Jesus as God, higher than angels.

2) 2:6-18 – Jesus as man, lower than angels.

3) 3-4 – Must follow Jesus into their rest. Must endure & not err as the fathers did with Moses in the wilderness.

4) 5 – Christ is the high priest after the order of Melchisedec

• The principles of perfection: 6-13.

1) 6 – Remain faithful to receive the better promise

2) 7 – A better priest

3) 8 – A better covenant

4) 9-10 - A better blood/sacrifice

5) 10 – Patience and Faithfulness required

6) 11 – Examples of the need for faith and obedience

7) 12 – The need for chastisement and godly fear

8) 13 – The need for righteousness and to serve God acceptably

Verse 1-2

• “God” – The ultimate author – 2Tim 3:16, 2Pet 1:20-21.

• Gods purpose changes, he did not say everything at once.

• Sundry times = When God spake – ~Several, different, separate, divers~

• Progressive revelation - Cf Rom 10:4-5 vs Deut 6:25, Gen 9:3 vs Deut 14:3 vs 1Tim 4:4, Joel 3:10 vs Micah 4:3, Rom 16:25 vs Acts 3:21.

• Divers manners = How God spake – Different ways, different manners.

• His voice – Gen 1:3, 12:1-4, Exo 19:19. Dreams – 20:3. Prophets – 2Sam 12:7,11. Angels – Matt 1:20-21. Apostles – 1Cor 14:37. The Son – John 6:63, Mark 1:14-15.

• Not only did God speak at different times in different ways, but also to different people. Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, 12 apostles, Paul.

• Time past, unto the fathers, by the prohpets = Gen-John the baptist, Old covenant, Kingdom coming, keep the law.

• Last days, unto us, by his son = Matt-John, Kingdom at hand, new covenant being established, law in your hearts.

• Hebrew deals with changes in Israel’s program – Heb 8:6-8.

• Hebrews 1:1-2 teaches the principle of progressive revelation and the need for rightly dividing because God spoke at different times, in different ways, to different people.

THE 4 W’s

a) Who is it written to? Hebrews, Jews, Israel.

• Peter’s Pentecost group – Heb1:1-2, 2:3-4, 6:4-6

b) What is written about?

• The need for the Messiah to suffer as incarnate man, Jesus fulfilled that 1-5

• A better promise, priest, covenant, blood, sacrifice 6-10

• The need for faith, patience, & endurance to enter into the holy city, kingdom 11-13.

c) When was it written? We do not know the exact date or time, but the dispensational context is the same as the other Hebrew epistles and concerns:

• “a world to come” & a future fulfilling of the new covenant – Heb 2:5, 6:5, 8:13,9:11, 10:1

• People waiting for a kingdom to come – Heb 12:28, 13:14 – Acts 1:6, 3:19-21, 1Pet 1:5-11, 2Pet 3:12-13

d) Who wrote the book? We simply do not know. Most say Paul but the Bible does not.

• Arguments for Paul:

i. Hebrews deals with a transition for Israel’s OC to the NC and talks about Israel’s transition away from the law, temple, priest, etc..

ii. Hebrews mentions the blood of Jesus more than any other NT book (Rev is 2nd & Lev has the most references) and talks about Jesus death and better heavenly things.

iii. Heb 13:20-25 most attributed to Paul and say is the best evidence.

iv. 2Peter 3:15 is said to be a reference to the book of Hebrews.

• Arguments against Paul:

i. Paul was the apostle to the Gentiles and was given the ministry of laying the foundation of the BoC/mystery/Disp grace. If he wrote Hebrews then he wrote an epistle not to Gentiles/BoC- Eph 3:1-5, 1Cor 3:10, Gal2:7-9

ii. All of Paul’s epistles are identified as Paul’s containing his name.

iii. Compare Heb 13:22 to Gal 6:11 – Heb = 4953 words > Gal = 2230 words

iv. 2Pet 3:15-16 – Hebrews distinct from Paul’s epistles so 2Pet 3:15-16 does not make sense if speaking of Hebrews.

1) Paul speaks to Jews in Rom 2, 9-11.

2) Paul wrote more than 2 letters to the Corinthians, that doesn’t mean they were inspired by God – 1Cor 5:9-11.

v. Heb 13:23 – What of Hebrews was written before Acts 16? Or, like James, Mary, and others, what if there is more than one Timothy? Or what if Timothy was helping the remnant with something? 1Cor 4:17, 16:1-3, 2Cor 8:18-20, 12:18. Point being Heb 13:23 does not prove Paul write the book.

e) If Paul wrote Hebrews the Holy Spirit did not want us to know. It would also cause confusion if he did since it is not a book to Gentiles/BoC – Gal 3:28 – There is no such thing as Hebrew Christian’s according to Paul.

• If Paul wrote Hebrews then we have the danger of making ourselves the recipients of the covenants and spiritual Israel.

• If Paul wrote Hebrews then he wrote a book to the remnant concerning the kingdom and covenants. The content does not apply to us today regardless of who wrote it.

f) Answering the 4 questions above can help to get the context of a book. Hebrews is written to Hebrews about their Messiah, better covenant, and the need for faith, obedience, and endurance to enter the Kingdom.

SHINING LIGHT

Philippians 2:15-16 among whom ye shine as lights in the world; Holding forth the word of life;

1. LIGHT VS DARKNESS

a) Light = Illumination, day, knowledge and truth – Psalms 119:130

b) Darkness = blindness, ignorance accompanying immorality, night, confusion - Psalm 78:2, Matt 13:34-35

c) God separated the light from the dark in the beginning – Gen 1:3-5,18

d) They are opposite – Isa 5:20, Acts 26:18, 2 Cor 6:14

2. DIFFERENT LIGHTS

a) Natural, artificial, fluorescent, LED, incandescent, sun, moon.

b) Israel as a light:

• Israel was given the responsibility/covenant of being a light to the nations – Isa 2:2-3, 60:3,

• God gave them his law as light – Psalm 119:104-105, Prov 6:23, Rom 2:17-20.

• To be the light they had to keep the law – John 3:21, Matt 5:14-16

• Those who break the law are in darkness – 1John 2:9

c) The Light of the gospel:

• Gods revealed light of the gospel in the mystery – 2Cor 4:6, 1Cor 2:7-10.

• Those saved are in the light – 1Thess 5:5, Eph 5:8, Col 1:12-13.

• We shine as lights by holding forth the gospel – Phil 2:15-16

• Satans ministry is blind men of this light by giving them artificial light – 2Cor 4:4, 11:12-15.

3. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD

a) The Lord is light – John 1:4-10, John 8:12.

b) Gods word is light – Psalms 119:30, Gen 1:3, 2Cor 4:6.

c) The word of life that we hold forth as lights concerns Jesus Christ – 2Tim 1:10.

d) Our walk as children of light is in Christ – Eph 5:8, Col 2:6, Eph 5:2, Rom 6:4

e) Israel’s rising and light happen when Christ is on the throne – Isa 49:6, Rev 21:23-24.

1. HOW TO APPLY SCRIPTURE

a) There are three ways to apply scripture:

1) Historically – Believing the things in the Bible really happened to real people, in real places, at a real time in history. This is faith in God.

2) Spiritually – Knowing the words are from God, we believe the to contain what we need spiritually and morally.

3) Dispensationally /literally – Who, What, When, Where? Comparing scripture to scripture and rightly dividing them to see to whom they apply.

b) We can apply all scripture this way and we will do so today with Psalms 1.

2. HISTORICAL

a) A real written Psalm usually attributed to David, but we do not know because no author is attributed.

b) There are 7 known authors – David 73 (Acts 2:25-34, Psalms 16:8-10, 110:1), Asaph 12 (Psalm 81), Sons of Korah 11 (Psalm 86), Solomon 2 (Psalm 72, 127), Moses (Psalm 90), Ethan (Psalm 89), Heman (Psalm 88)

c) That means there are 49 Psalms with unknown authors, Psalms 1 being one of them.

3. SPIRITUAL

a) Verse 1 – The road to wickedness – Walking, standing, sitting.

• It’s good to surround yourself with righteous godly people and not wicked – 2Cor 6:14, Eph 5:6-7,11

b) Verse 2 – We should delight and meditate on the word of God – Luke 4:4, Col 3:16, 2Tim 2:15.

c) Verse 3-4 – You reap what you sow – Gal 6:7-8.

d) Verse 5-6 – The wicked will be judged – Rom 6:23, 2Thess 1:8-9, 1Thess 5:2-3.

• The righteous are known by God – 2Tim 2:19, John 10:14,27, Eph 5:30.

4. DISPENSATIONAL

a) Written under the law, old covenant – Psalm 1:2

b) Blessed is the man who does not do something (walk with sinners) but also does something (meditate on the law) – Psalms 26, Jer 15:11-20, Josh 8:34

• We aren’t blessed for what we do today, we are blessed for what Christ did – Eph 1:3

c) Meditate day and night - To do the things in them – Josh 1:8

• We are not under the law – Rom 6:14, 1Tim 1:7

d) Like a tree planted by rivers of water – They will stand and produce fruit – Psalm 92:12, Jer 17:7-8, Matt 17:16-20

• Our fruit comes from the Spirit, not by doing works – Gal 5:22-23

e) Whatsoever he doeth shall prosper – Josh 1:7-8, Deut 5:32-33, 29:9

• We have no such promise – Phil 4:11-13.

f) Verse 4-5 – Definitely a truth in all dispensations that the wicked will be judged, the congregation of the righteous here would be a reference to true Israel – Rom 9:6, John 8:39.

g) Verse 6 – Another truth in any dispensation, but the context has to do with the day of judgement – Nah 1:7, Psalms 37:37-39.

• We will not be there on the day of trouble – 1Thess 1:10, 4:13-18, 5:9.

THE WAY OF GOD MORE PERFECTLY

Acts 18:26 ….when Aquila and Priscilla had heard, they took him unto them, and expounded unto him the way of God more perfectly

1. INTRODUCTION TO APOLLOS

a) We are introduced to Apollos in Acts 18:24-26

b) He was:

• Eloquent – vs 24 – The content of what is spoken is more important – Rom 16:17-18, 1Cor 2:1-5, 2Cor 11:5, 1Cor 14:19

• Mighty in the scriptures/instructed in the way of the Lord – More harm than good if you don’t have the updated information – Acts 18:24-19:6, 1Tim 1:5-7.

• Fervent in spirit – Having zeal for what is good – Rom 12:11.

• Diligent in teaching – Diligence is a good thing – Prov 10:4, 11:27, 12:24, 13:4, 22:29

• Bold – Boldness is good in a good thing – Prov 28:1, Acts 4:13, 29-35, 13:46, Eph 6:19-20,

• Ignorant, but humble - “knowing only the baptism of the lord” – Missing information. Christ had come, Spirit had come, mystery had been revealed. Apollos received the truth and believed – Acts 18:27-28

• He became a minister of Jesus Christ and companion of Paul – 1Cor 3:4-6, 4:1,6, Tit 3:13

2. THE CHARACTER OF AQUILA AND PRISCILLA

a) We are introduced to Aquila and Priscilla in Acts 18:1-3,

b) They were helpers of Paul – Rom 16:3

c) “They took him unto them” - They corrected Apollos without shaming him publicly – 1Tim 5:1-2.

d) “And expounded the way of God more perfectly” -This isn’t just the pastors job – Tit 2:1-8.

3. THE WAY OF GOD MORE PERFECTLY

a) At this point in Acts Apollos is behind and ignorant of information – Acts 18:26

b) John’s Baptism doesn’t save you and is not required – Matt 3:1-2, 1Cor 1:17, Rom 6:3, Eph 2:8-9.

c) Our faith and the mystery concerns Jesus Christ who had already came – 1Cor 3:10-11, Eph 2:20, Rom 16:25.

d) We have the promise of the Spirit – Eph 1:13-14, 2Cor 1:22

e) We are under grace, not the law like John was – Lev 11:22, Matt 3:4 cf Rom 6:14

4. OUR MINISTRY

a) Gods will is for all to come to a knowledge of the truth – 1Tim 2:4.

b) We need Christian’s who know the word of God to correct and teach others when they are ignorant – 1Tim 1:3, 2Tim 2:2.

c) Our ministry is to make all men see, even ignorant teachers – Eph 3:9.

WHAT PETER LEARNED

2 Peter 3:15 - And account that the longsuffering of our Lord is salvation; even as our beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto him

1. LEARNS THE MESSIAH HAS COME

a) John 1:35-42, Luke 5:1-11, Matt 4:18-22, Isa 11:1

2. THE NEED FOR FAITH

a) Matt 14:22-33, Heb 11:6

3. THE NEED TO FOLLOW JESUS

a) Matt 16:24-25, 29:27-30, 1Pet 2:21,

4. JESUS DIDN’T COME TO SET UP THE KINDOM THE WAY HE THOUGHT

a) John 18:3-12, Acts 1:6, Isa 11:2-4, Luke 4:17-20, Isa 61:1-9

5. JESUS HAD TO DIE & RESURRECT

a) Matt 16:21-23, John 20:1-10, Luke 24:44-47, Isa 53:8-12.

6. THE NEED FOR FORGIVENESS

a) Matt 18:21-22, Luke 22:31-34, John 21:15-17, Psalm 86:5.

7. THE POWER OF THE SPIRIT

a) John 14:16–17, 26, Matt 10:19-20, John 20:21-23, Acts 2:1-4, 14, 5:1-12, Joel 2:28

8. GENTILES CAN RECEIVE THE HOLY GHOST/SALVATION

a) Acts 10:9-16, 25-29, 34-48, 15:7-11, Isa 11:10, 42:6-7, 49:6, 59:20-60:5, Zech 8:23.

9. THE KINGDOM IS YET FUTURE

a) Acts 1:6, 3:19-21, 2Pet 1:16, 3:10-16, Rom 11:25-27.