This is Episode 13: Bladder Cancer – Non-Muscle-Invasive and Muscle-Invasive Workup and the Surgical Backbone. Here's why this episode matters: Bladder cancer is a disease where radiation oncologists can be indispensable members of a curative bladder-preservation team, or completely absent from meaningful treatment discussions. The difference often comes down to understanding the surgical and medical backbone of the disease. You cannot intelligently argue for trimodality therapy in a tumor board if you don't understand what a quality TURBT looks like, when repeat TURBT is needed, what cisplatin-based perioperative therapy aims to achieve, and which patients benefit most from radical cystectomy.