I discuss dependent types, which are types that can contain non-type

programs. An example of a dependent type is a list whose type contains

its length. Instead of just writing List<String> for

a list that contains strings, dependent types include types like

List<String, 5> that describe lists of exactly five

strings. Dependent types can also be used to represent mathematics, in

which case the programs that they describe count as proofs, and tools

from programming can be used to write math.

Dependent types used to be something that really required a research

background, but there has been a lot of progress on making them more

user-friendly and on writing accessible introductions lately.

Languages mentioned:

Idris is a self-hosted

dependently typed language with type-level resource tracking

Agda

is a testbed for new ideas in dependently typed programming

Lean 4 is a self-hosted

dependently typed language that has a more conservative logical core

than Idris or Agda, and attempts to appeal more to practicing

mathematicians.

Coq is a proof assistant based

on dependent types that has been used to fully mathematically verify a C

compiler

Books mentioned:

The Little Typer, by

Daniel P. Friedman and David Thrane Christiansen is an intro to the core

ideas of dependent types, in dialog form

Type

Driven Development with Idris by Edwin Brady, the creator of Idris,

describes an approach to programming that uses expressive types as a way

to make programmers' lives easier

Programming Language Foundations

in Agda by Phil Wadler, Wen Kokke, and Jeremy Siek describes the use

of Agda for both programming and proving

Software

Foundations is a series of books that use Coq as an introduction to

mathematically rigorous software development in a proof assistant. It's

how I initially learned these topics!

Episode #1

Welcome to the 11th Annual Hacker Public Radio show. It is December

the 31st 2022 and the time is 10 hundred hours UTC. We start the show by

sending Greetings to Christmas Island/Kiribati and Samoa Kiritimati,

Apia. Chatting with Honkey, Mordancy, Joe, Ken, and others

Discussed: pi hole, podman, RPIs, Pfsense, and netminers new micro

pc

Introduction by Ken

and Honkey.

History:

The New Years Celebrations.

Civilizations around the world have been celebrating the start of

each new year for at least four millennia. Today, most New Year’s

festivities begin on December 31 (New Year’s Eve), the last day of the

Gregorian calendar, and continue into the early hours of January 1 (New

Year’s Day).

HPR: So

you want to do a podcast?

Wikihow:

How to make a good podcast.

Death Wish Coffee

We lead with an alternative point of view, providing bold, smooth

cups of coffee to our people. We find fresh ways to enjoy coffee, and we

foster community along the way. Disrupting the status quo interests us,

so we create edgy, sarcastic content. We live to rebel against blah

beans—and a boring, lackluster life.

Thailand Elephant

Sanctuary

VLC

commandline: List of commands and arguments.

VLC

commandline: Documentation.

VLC

commandline: Audio streaming from the commandline.

pavucontrol:

PulseAudio Volume Control.

Hearse

Club

youtube:

MotorWeek Over the Edge: Hearse Convention.

xiph: The Ogg container format.

Ogg is a multimedia container format, and the native file and stream

format for the Xiph.org multimedia codecs. As with all Xiph.org

technology is it an open format free for anyone to use.

Library

of Congress: .ogg file format.

Wikipedia: .mp3 file

format.

xiph: .flac file

format.

FLAC stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec, an audio format similar

to MP3, but lossless, meaning that audio is compressed in FLAC without

any loss in quality. This is similar to how Zip works, except with FLAC

you will get much better compression because it is designed specifically

for audio, and you can play back compressed FLAC files in your favorite

player (or your car or home stereo, see supported devices) just like you

would an MP3 file.

Wikipedia: .flac

file format.

elephantguide:

How Much Can An Elephant Lift?

Royal

Thai Embassy: Thailand’s wild tiger population shows impressive

growth.

ENTEX Electronics Electronic Singing Machine.

Karaoke Model No. 1820. Entex Electronics Inc. Made in Taiwan. Late

1970s early 1980s.

It incorporates an 8-Track Player and Cassette Tape Recorder.

It also uses the Bucket Brigade Device Echo (BBD ECHO) Power is supplied

by

AC 120 Volts. It also uses 10 D cell batteries, or alternatively 12-15

volts DC.

ENTEX

Electronics Electronic Singing Machine

Entex

Electronics Handheld Games on the Internet Archive

Belts

Square

Cassette Tape Machine Recorder Rubber Belt

Cassette

Recorder Repair Maintenance Mix Flat Cassette Tape Machine Rubber Belts

(Width 4MM)

USB Soundcard

48KHz/44.1KHz sampling rate with 16-Bit Resolution.

SABRENT

Aluminum USB External Stereo Sound Adapter

Free Music Archive

Cyborg,

Lost by Modern Monster

Pictures

The images are thumbnails. Click on each to see the

full-sized picture.

8 Track side

Cassette tape side

Initial condition of the cassette player

Back of the player

Player with the cassette cover removed

Connecting rod for the cassette player

Cassette pulley system

Counter Point

This show is a counter point to: hpr3754 :: GOD probably will use a Chromebook.

Make

sure no one is in the room with you before you play this and put your

secret hat on.

hpr3754:

GOD probably will use a Chromebook.

GNU World Order: Episode

489 Cloud Services.

samsung:

Galaxy Chromebook Go.

samsung:

Galaxy Chromebook Go 14inch, Silver, Wi-Fi.

wikipedia:

Artificial intelligence is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and

inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to

intelligence displayed by non-human animals and humans.

wikipedia: In

monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being,

creator, and principal object of faith. God is typically conceived as

being omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent, as well

as having an eternal and necessary existence.

wikipedia:

In economics and industrial design, planned obsolescence (also called

built-in obsolescence or premature obsolescence) is a policy of planning

or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life or a

purposely frail design, so that it becomes obsolete after a certain

pre-determined period of time upon which it decrementally functions or

suddenly ceases to function, or might be perceived as

unfashionable.

wikipedia:

Eugenics. In the decades following World War II, with more emphasis on

human rights, many countries began to abandon eugenics policies,

although some Western countries (the United States, Canada, and Sweden

among them) continued to carry out forced sterilizations.

Although many people can create music easily enough on their

computers, not as many can read the traditional stave-and-dots notation

that have been in use for hundreds of years.

In less than half an hour, you can grasp the basics of reading music

in a way that's as natural as putting one foot in front of the

other.

I'd advise either printing out the handout from https://enistello.info or

having it on a screen you can see easily while outdoors. But it's not

essential!

Keep your eyes (and ears) peeled for part two of this series on

Hacker Public Radio, when I'll cover more complex rhythms and you'll

learn a lot more about pitch in written music.

Handout and more information at:

https://enistello.info

The book I mention in this episode is The Songlines, by Bruce

Chatwin, published in 1987, and available from all good bookshops. Don't

buy it from Amazon, it only encourages them.

I discuss my quest for the perfect keyboard for me.

Links

https://www.duckychannel.com.tw/en

https://steelseries.com/apex

https://www.razer.com/pc/gaming-keyboards-and-keypads

https://www.redragonzone.com/collections/keyboard

https://www.keychron.com/

https://hyperx.com/collections/gaming-keyboards

https://keebworks.com/kailh-box-white/

Noise reduction applied

We wrap up our stay in Tucson, Arizona and move over to Benson, Arizona, not far from Tucson. Here we will stay for a month. And we don't run out of things to do. This was one of our favorite stops of the trip. In this episode we visit an old west movie set, Saguaro National Park, and tour a copper mine.

Links:

https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjzKEoM

https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjzKKPu

https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjzKLPk

https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjzKMsj

https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjzKNpv

https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjzKMS9

https://flic.kr/s/aHBqjzKRuY

https://www.palain.com/travel/tucson-part-2/

Source I was looking through while talking WIP:

gopher://gopher.club/1/users/screwtape/car-game

Compilers:

sbcl

https://sbcl.org/

ecl

https://ecl.common-lisp.dev/

acl2

https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/moore/acl2/manuals/current/manual/index-seo.php/ACL2____Common_02Lisp

System definition:

asdf

https://common-lisp.net/project/asdf/

Books mentioned:

Land of Lisp

Advances in Formal methods (whatever by Kaufmann)

Introduction

This torch (aka flashlight) came up during the recording of

the Community News for May 2022. I have owned an example of this device

since 2016. It’s been extensively reviewed elsewhere but I thought I’d

briefly tell you about my experiences.

Nitecore Tube (V1)

My Nitecore Tube

I bought this from Amazon after seeing a video of it on the Big

Clive YouTube channel. It was under £10. This version is no longer

available but there is a version 2 for a similar price. I haven’t tried

this one.

The Nitecore Tube is a small plastic-bodied torch with fittings for a

key ring. I have not been keen to keep it on my keyring for fear of

damage from the keys, so I keep it always in my shirt pocket.

The torch is controlled through a rubber-like button on one side, and

has a micro USB port on the edge which is covered by a rubber cap.

While charging, a blue LED can be seen inside the body of the torch,

which turns off when the charging process is complete.

The torch can operate at a number of brightness levels and has a

lock mode:

Single press - turns the low light level on and off

Double press - turns on the permanent high level mode, a single

press for off

Single press and hold for more than 1 second - temporary high

mode

Press and hold when in low mode increases in brightness in

steps

Press and hold for more than 5 seconds when in high mode will lock

the torch against accidental button presses. The light blinks to show

it’s locked. Press and hold to return to normal.

Usage

I don’t use this torch a huge amount. The fact that it’s always in my

pocket means I have a source of quite bright light when I need one. The

lower level light is useful for moving around in the dark or in a gloomy

place. The brighter level I tend to use to read labels on jars, bottles

and other containers. For some reason, these labels are often designed

with minimal contrast (like a dull orange lettering on a purple

background) which my eyes just can’t cope with. The Nitecore is my

saviour with this sort of stuff!

I don’t charge it very often, but it is easy to do it with a phone

charger - I have several micro USB cables around, so it’s no

problem.

Conclusion

This is a great little device. I have other torches for when I need a

stronger, more broadly illuminating light source. I wouldn’t be carrying

any of these around with me though. The Nitecore is small and compact

enough that I can keep it on me all the time.

If I lost this one, or it died, I’m pretty sure I’d get another!

Links:

Big Clive:

Fixing two

Nitecore Tube torches

Comparison

with a shaker torch

Teardown

Teardown of a

fake

Worst clone

yet

1LUMEN.COM

Nitecore Tube - a very detailed review.

Synopsis

The Friday before Christmas, my partner's mother called and asked if I had a short indoor extension cord she could borrow. When I arrived at her house, she showed me her display of ceramic Christmas trees for which she needed the extension cord. These decorations have two pieces. A base which holds a small light bulb, and then the tree which sits over the light and has translucent colored plastic 'Christmas lights' which are illuminated by the light bulb inside the tree. There were four ceramic trees of varying heights—from 14" (~36 cm) to 6" (~15 cm) tall. While helping to arrange each of the trees electrical cords and plugging them into the extension cable, one of the trees wouldn't stay lit. If you turned the base or moved the cord it would light back up, but then go out once you took pressure off the cord. I could also hear crackling at times when moving the cord—not a sound you want to hear in an electric ornament.

After separating the pieces and turning over the base, I could see not only the sparks, but why it was sparking. At some point, one of wires had come lose from the light socket and was taped back in place with what looks like duct tape. The ornament was made in the 1950s. I'm not sure when the repair was made. It is an ornament that has been passed through the family over the years. The plastic which held the wire in place had failed over the years, and the tape was also failing from the electric sparks that would occur when the wire was moved around. You could see burn marks on the tape around the wire.

At first I thought I may be able to fix the side with the bad wiring. Maybe solder the wire onto the socket to give it a good electrical connection, and then use electrical tape to cover the hole where the socket casing had failed, but in the process of taking the wire out and removing all the old duct tape, the socket's electrical contact fell apart. This was for the best, the whole socket needed replacing, but I wasn't sure I could find a replacement socket that would fit through the hole in the ceramic base.

While doing my last minute Christmas shopping on Christmas Eve, I stopped at one of the big box hardware stores to browse the electrical section and see if I could find a replacement socket that might work. Of course I hadn't brought either the old socket or the light bulb, but I found a small rack with replacement sockets that looked like it might work. The candelabra style socket replacement looked like the correct size—for both the light bulb and the hole in the base of the ornament.

Once I was home, I tested the fit of the light bulb, and the socket was the correct size. It was just a little to big for the hole in the base, but I was hoping I could just grind off some of the raised plastic lettering and maybe a little off the sides of the socket here and there to get it to fit in the base. I was leery of using my Dremel tool to make the hole bigger in the ceramic base. I didn't want it to crack or chip the finish. I ended up doing both. Grinding down some of the plastic on the replacement socket and grinding out the hole in the ceramic base.

A bit of electrical tape wrapped around the new socket created a snug fit between the hole in the ornament's base and the socket. I then hot glued the socket to the inside of the base to provide extra stability. Next step was attaching the old cord to the new socket. The cord was in good shape except where it was connected to the old socket. I evened up the end of the cord, then stripped it, and then connected the cord to the new socket with wire nuts.

After flipping over the base and screwing in the light bulb, I tested the repair. Success!

div#figures {

display: flex;

flex-direction: row;

flex-wrap: wrap;

justify-content: center;

}

div#figures figure { text-align: center; width: 300px;

box-shadow:

0 1px 1px hsl(0deg 0% 0% / 0.075),

0 2px 2p