J. Marion Sims, known as the "father of modern gynecology," was a controversial figure, experimenting on enslaved women without anesthesia. Along side him were three significant figures in his quest to cure the vesico-vaginal fistula, they were Betsey, Lucy and Anarcha, enslaved women who suffered from the disorder itself and helped him as he experimented on them, as they experienced horrific pain and agony along the way. They have been forgotten to history but they should be remembered as the Mothers of Modern Gynecology. J. Marion Sims’ made huge leaps in surgical options for women suffering from this debilitating disorder that made them into social outcasts. Sims would be nothing without Betsey, Anarcha and Lucy, his subsequent legacy, painting him as a hero, his contributions to medicine are overshadowed by ethical concerns surrounding consent and exploitation. The experiences of these women highlight the often overlooked history of medical experimentation on enslaved individuals, prompting reflection on the intersection of race, power, and healthcare in America's past and present.

Thanks to Mike Meyers for the theme music, you can follow him on X @themikeshow42.

The background music of this episode is “Lullabye For A Star” by MalictusMusic (Free Music Archive)(CC BY) https://tinyurl.com/malictusmusic

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SOURCES

https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/james-marion-Sims-1813-1883

https://sph.umich.edu/findings/spring-2021/black-distrust-of-medicine-from-Sims-to-tuskegee-and-its-impact-on-vaccine-hesitancy.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/04/why-a-statue-of-the-father-of-gynecology-had-to-come-down/558311/

https://wams.nyhistory.org/a-nation-divided/antebellum/anarcha-betsy-lucy/

https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/4/18/17254234/j-marion-Sims-experiments-slaves-women-gynecology-statue-removal

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/29/a-surgeon-experimented-on-slave-women-without-anesthesia-now-his-statues-are-under-attack/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2006/01/29/a-19th-century-doctor-38/b7534292-bdce-45f0-b5e0-c01ec647bcc9/?utm_term=.e2699d53ca71&itid=lk_inline_manual_15

https://www.history.com/news/the-father-of-modern-gynecology-performed-shocking-experiments-on-slaves

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/19/fact-check-j-marion-Sims-did-medical-experiments-black-female-slaves/3202541001/

https://www.umhs-sk.org/blog/medical-milestones-discovery-anesthesia-timeline

https://www.livescience.com/surgery-before-anesthesia

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563360/

https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/j-marion-Sims/

https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/02/17/historian-uncovers-gynecologys-brutal-roots-in-slavery/

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/apr/21/j-marion-Sims-statue-removed-new-york-city-black-women