Ethicists Robert Olick, JD, PhD, and Thomas Curran, MD, discuss when children and parents disagree with doctors. Doctoral student Rose Pasquale shares her vision research. Occupational health researcher Jeanette Zoeckler, PhD, tells about health risks of low-wage work.

Treatment for Lyme disease is most effective when it begins soon after transmission, says Kristopher Paolino, MD, an infectious disease expert at Upstate. He advises people to remove the tick and bring it with them to the doctor's office for identification. Deer ticks can transmit the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. Paolino goes over the signs and symptoms of Lyme disease and explains that antibiotics are the common treatment. He also tells about complications of Lyme and the lingering effects that up to 20 percent of patients deal with. Paolino is also the director of clinical research at Upstate's Center for Global Health and Translational Science.

Patients who are diagnosed with Crohn's disease today can be tested for the activity of a particular gene that can help guide their treatment. The role this gene plays was a fortuitous discovery in the laboratory of Upstate scientist William Kerr, PhD, a professor of pediatrics and microbiology and immunology at Upstate. He talks about what may cause Crohn's disease -- a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder -- and how it's treated. (Click here to see the research paper on Crohn's disease that Kerr speaks about.)

Time is a critical element in the treatment of stroke, and now the Upstate Comprehensive Stroke Center has extended the amount of time that a clot-busting medication can be effective in some patients. Gene Latorre, MD, the medical director of the stroke service at Upstate University Hospital, explains how new software gives doctors a precise view of the area of the brain that is affected by an ongoing stroke, plus the regions that remain in jeopardy. He also explains how "collateral circulation" can reroute blood flow in the brain to avoid an area that is affected by stroke.

Pediatrician Amy Caruso Brown, MD, discusses long-range outcomes in pediatric cancer. Rheumatology chief Andras Perl, MD, PhD, tells about a new research center for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Ear, nose and throat specialist Mitchell Gore, MD, explains skull base surgery.

Assistant professor of anesthesiology, Srinivasa Thota, MD, goes over the four main types of anesthesia and the content of the preoperative assessment that patients who have scheduled surgery will undergo. He explains how the effects of anesthesia can be enhanced for older adults, and what parents can do to help children who face surgery.

Neuroscience PhD student Rose Pasquale was awarded the top prize in a poster competition at the 2017 meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. She presented her research on determining how rod and cone pathways in the retina process visual information and allow us to see. Pasquale's work shows that rods are doing a surprising amount of work in what is known as “upper mesopic” conditions — mid-range lighting in which both rods and cones are being used.

Scientists at Upstate Medical University are attracting more research money. David Amberg, PhD, vice president for research, says the school is entering its third year of double digit growth in grants awarded for a variety of projects. In this interview he talks about the future in clinical and translational research at Upstate, including in the areas of cancer, neurosciences, global health and infectious disease.

Sylvie Destian, MD, professor of radiology, explains her specialty of neuroradiology, which focuses on abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system including the brain, spine, and head and neck using neuroimaging techniques. She emphasizes the role of the neuroradiologist in stroke care.

Vice president for research David Amberg, PhD, reports on an increase in funding for research at Upstate Medical University and provides an overview of science projects underway. Neuro-radiologist Sylvie Destian, MD, explains her role in stroke care. Emergency physician Christian Knutsen, MD, tells about the infirmary at the New York State Fair.