00:00 — Introduction

00:08 — The Machine Nobody Elected

00:43 — The History of Pressure

00:43 — What Happens Next

01:47 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- CNBC - Jerome Powell Says He Will Continue to Serve as a Fed Governor: https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/29/jerome-powell-says-he-will-continue-to-serve-as-a-fed-governor-even-after-chairmanship-ends-.html

- NPR - Jerome Powell to Remain on Fed's Board After Stepping Down as Chair: https://www.npr.org/2026/04/29/nx-s1-5802911/federal-reserve-meeting-jerome-powell-kevin-warsh

- Marketplace - Powell to Stay on as Fed Governor, Citing Trump Legal Challenges: https://www.marketplace.org/story/2026/04/29/powell-to-stay-on-as-fed-governor-citing-trump-legal-challenges

- CNBC - Fed Meeting Today: Live Updates, Warsh, Powell: https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/29/fed-meeting-today-live-updates-warsh-powell.html

- Brookings - Why Is the Federal Reserve Independent?: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/why-is-the-federal-reserve-independent-and-what-does-that-mean-in-practice/

- Brookings - Who Has to Leave the Federal Reserve Next?: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/who-has-to-leave-the-federal-reserve-next-2/

- Council on Foreign Relations - What Is the U.S. Federal Reserve?: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounders/what-us-federal-reserve

- Federal Reserve History - Overview: The History of the Federal Reserve: https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/federal-reserve-history

- Federal Reserve Board - Monetary Policy: What Are Its Goals? How Does It Work?: https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/monetary-policy-what-are-its-goals-how-does-it-work.htm

- Yahoo Finance - Powell's Term as Fed Chair Is Ending. Here's Why He Could Stick Around Longer.: https://finance.yahoo.com/economy/policy/article/powells-term-as-fed-chair-is-ending-heres-why-he-could-stick-around-longer-100000798.html

- CNN - Will Jerome Powell Stick Around at the Fed?: https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/29/economy/fed-decision-jerome-powell-trump

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00:00 — Introduction

00:27 — The Theory That Flipped Everything

00:44 — The Chemistry of Tears

00:44 — The Heart That Actually Breaks

07:08 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- ScienceInsights - Why Do Only Humans Cry? The Science of Emotional Tears: https://scienceinsights.org/why-do-only-humans-cry-the-science-of-emotional-tears/

- Wikipedia - Tears: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears

- Psych Central - The Science of Tears: https://psychcentral.com/blog/the-science-of-tears

- Wikipedia - Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takotsubo_cardiomyopathy

- PMC - Takotsubo Syndrome: The Broken Heart Syndrome: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8822514/

- European Heart Journal - Happy Heart Syndrome: Role of Positive Emotional Stress in Takotsubo Syndrome: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/37/37/2823/2469928

- PMC - Takotsubo Syndrome: How the Broken Heart Deals with Negative Emotions: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6938811/

- News-Medical - What Are Tears Made Of? The Biochemistry of Emotion: https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Tears-Made-of-The-Biochemistry-of-Emotion.aspx

- Yale University Press - What Do We Know About Tears?: https://yalebooks.yale.edu/2025/07/24/what-do-we-know-about-tears/

- Greater Good Science Center - How Emotional Extremes Can Stress Your Heart: https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_emotional_extremes_can_stress_your_heart

- MedRxiv - Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles Between Positive and Negative Emotional Tears (2023): https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.22270049.full.pdf

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00:00 — Introduction

00:08 — The Gate in Your Spine

00:08 — The Limb That Isn't There

00:21 — The Chronic Pain Crisis

00:25 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- Massage & Fitness Magazine - Understanding Pain with the Neuromatrix Theory: https://massagefitnessmag.com/massage/neuromatrix-theory/

- Wikipedia - Gate Control Theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_control_theory

- Cleveland Clinic - Pain and the Brain: What Is the Gate Control Theory?: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/gate-control-theory-of-pain

- McGill Reporter - Jeffrey Mogil on Melzack and Wall's Gate Control Theory: https://reporter.mcgill.ca/jeffrey-mogil-on-melzack-and-walls-gate-control-theory/

- McGill Reporter - The King of (Understanding) Pain: Q&A with Ronald Melzack: https://reporter.mcgill.ca/the-king-of-understanding-pain-qa-with-ronald-melzack/

- PMC - Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3468806/

- Wikipedia - Mirror Therapy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_therapy

- New England Journal of Medicine - Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain (Chan et al., 2007): https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc071927

- PMC - Pain Mechanisms: A Commentary on Concepts and Issues: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3138063/

- EBSCO Research - Gate Control Theory: https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/anatomy-and-physiology/gate-control-theory

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00:00 — Introduction

00:09 — The Oldest Law in the Room

01:34 — Killing the Future Competitor

01:34 — The Deal That Hasn't Happened Yet

01:34 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- National Archives - Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890): https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/sherman-anti-trust-act

- CNBC - Visa Abandons Takeover of Plaid After DOJ Raises Antitrust Concerns: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/12/visa-abandons-takeover-of-plaid-after-doj-raises-antitrust-concerns.html

- CNBC - DOJ Seeks to Block Visa's $5.3 Billion Acquisition of Plaid: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/05/doj-files-antitrust-lawsuit-to-block-visas-plaid-acquisition-.html

- Goodwin Law - Visa Abandons $5.3B Acquisition of Plaid: Killer Acquisitions: https://www.goodwinlaw.com/en/insights/publications/2021/01/01_14-visa-abandons-acquisition

- American Bar Association - Adobe/Figma Merger: An Epitome of Potential Competition Theory?: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/antitrust_law/resources/newsletters/adobe-figma-merger/

- Wing Venture Capital - Observations on the Adobe-Figma Acquisition Termination: https://www.wing.vc/content/observations-on-the-adobe-figma-acquisition-termination

- Yahoo Finance - SpaceX Strikes $60 Billion Deal for the Right to Buy AI Coding Startup Cursor: https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/article/spacex-strikes-60-billion-deal-for-the-right-to-buy-ai-coding-startup-cursor-143350832.html

- TechCrunch - SpaceX Is Working With Cursor and Has an Option to Buy the Startup for $60B: https://techcrunch.com/2026/04/21/spacex-is-working-with-cursor-and-has-an-option-to-buy-the-startup-for-60-billion/

- CNBC - Microsoft Looked at Buying Cursor Before SpaceX Deal: https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/22/microsoft-looked-at-buying-cursor-before-spacex-deal-sources-say.html

- Economic Liberties - It's Not Just Figma: Blocked Deals and What Happened Next: https://economicpopulist.substack.com/p/its-not-just-figma

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00:00 — Introduction

00:04 — The Blacksmith's Hammers

00:40 — The Drug in the Sound

01:17 — The Universal Question

08:46 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- Wikipedia - Pythagorean Hammers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_hammers

- McGill Newsroom - Musical Chills: Why They Give Us Thrills (2011): https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/musical-chills-why-they-give-us-thrills-170538

- Nature Neuroscience - Anatomically Distinct Dopamine Release During Anticipation and Experience of Peak Emotion to Music (Salimpoor et al., 2011): https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2726

- University of Cambridge - Pythagoras Was Wrong: There Are No Universal Musical Harmonies, Study Finds (2024): https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/pythagoras-was-wrong-there-are-no-universal-musical-harmonies-study-finds

- Science4All - The Harmonious Mathematics of Music: http://www.science4all.org/article/math-music/

- Vocal Media - The Pythagorean Musical Scale: The Math Behind Its Importance and Imperfection: https://vocal.media/fyi/the-pythagorean-musical-scale-the-math-behind-its-importance-and-imperfection

- Science News Today - The Hidden Mathematics of Music and Harmony: https://www.sciencenewstoday.org/the-hidden-mathematics-of-music-and-harmony

- Aurora Orchestra - Pythagoras and the Music of the Spheres: https://www.auroraorchestra.com/2019/05/pythagoras-the-music-of-the-spheres/

- PsychUniverse - Your Brain on Music and the Neuroscience Behind It: https://psychuniverse.com/your-brain-on-music/

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00:00 — Introduction

00:04 — The Navigator's Problem

00:04 — The Politics of Size

00:04 — Every Map Is A Choice

08:17 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- Wikipedia - Mercator Projection: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection

- Wikipedia - Gerardus Mercator: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator

- Geography Worlds - Mercator vs Peters Projection: The Great Map Debate Explained: https://geographyworlds.com/blog/mercator-vs-peters-projection/

- Democracy Without Borders - Correct The Map: Why the Mercator World Map Must Be Put to Rest: https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/39474/correct-the-map-why-the-mercator-world-map-must-be-put-to-rest/

- The Conversation - World Maps Get Africa's Size Wrong: Cartographers Explain Why Fixing It Matters: https://theconversation.com/world-maps-get-africas-size-wrong-cartographers-explain-why-fixing-it-matters-263833

- Atlas.co - Mercator vs The True Size of Each Country: https://atlas.co/blog/map-projections-mercator-vs-the-true-size-of-each-country/

- REMAKE (Washington University) - A Modern-Day Mercator: Do History's Racial Biases Live On in Google Earth?: https://remake.wustl.edu/issue2/mcdermott-a-modern-day-mercator

- Frankly Speaking - A Defense of the Mercator Projection: https://franklyspeakingnews.com/2017/09/a-defense-of-the-mercator-projection/

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00:00 — Introduction

00:10 — The Worst Team Picks First

00:10 — Undeniably Anticompetitive

00:20 — The Contrarian Case

08:54 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- NFL Football Operations - The History of the Draft: https://operations.nfl.com/journey-to-the-nfl/the-nfl-draft/the-history-of-the-draft/

- Wikipedia - NFL Draft: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_draft

- SLA Blog - Is the NFL Draft Illegal?: https://blog.sportslaw.org/posts/is-the-nfl-draft-illegal/

- Conduct Detrimental - The Draft Is Illegal (and Un-American): https://www.conductdetrimental.com/post/the-draft-is-illegal-un-american

- Chicago Sun-Times - NFL Draft Day: How Teams Legally Collude to Restrict Draftees' Rights: https://chicago.suntimes.com/other-views/2024/04/23/nfl-draft-day-teams-collusion-restrict-rights-choices-draftees-bears-caleb-williams-eldon-ham

- Mississippi Law Journal - Call Upon Congress to Abolish the NFL Draft: https://mississippilawjournal.org/journal-content/call-upon-congress-to-abolish-the-nfl-draft/

- CNBC - NFL Draft: NIL Changes Significance of Contracts for Prospects: https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/23/nfl-draft-nil-changes-significance-of-contracts-for-prospects.html

- FanSided - NFL Draft Salaries for Every 2026 First-Round Pick: https://fansided.com/nfl/nfl-draft-salaries-for-every-2026-first-round-pick-slot-how-much-will-rookies-make

- SAGE Journals - Does Draft Currency Promote Competitive Balance? (Lapré & Palazzolo, 2024): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/15270025241264238

- Wikipedia - Radovich v. National Football League: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radovich_v._National_Football_League

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00:00 — Introduction

00:23 — The One Rule

01:59 — The Trade-Offs

03:12 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- The Climate Brink - The Thermodynamics of Electric vs. Internal Combustion Cars: https://www.theclimatebrink.com/p/the-thermodynamics-of-electric-vs

- Yale Climate Connections - Electrifying Transportation Reduces Emissions and Saves Massive Amounts of Energy: https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2022/08/electrifying-transportation-reduces-emissions-and-saves-massive-amounts-of-energy/

- Our World in Data - What Are the Safest and Cleanest Sources of Energy?: https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy

- Our World in Data - Nuclear Energy: https://ourworldindata.org/nuclear-energy

- Wikipedia - Svante Arrhenius: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius

- Wikipedia - Energy Density: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density

- Nuclear Power - Energy Conversion Efficiency: Combustion Motor vs Electric Motor: https://www.nuclear-power.com/energy-conversion-and-storage-efficiency/energy-conversion-efficiency-combustion-motor-vs-electric-motor/

- MIT Technology Review - We Did the Math on AI's Energy Footprint: https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/05/20/1116327/ai-energy-usage-climate-footprint-big-tech/

- Geography of Transport Systems - Energy Density of Combustibles: https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/combustibles-energy-content/

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00:00 — Introduction

00:07 — The One-Sided Handshake

00:08 — The Other Side of the Coin

05:24 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- Wikipedia - At-Will Employment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At-will_employment

- Employment Law Handbook - How Does 2-Weeks Notice Work?: https://www.employmentlawhandbook.com/general/two-weeks-notice/

- US Law Explained - The Ultimate Guide to Notice Periods in U.S. Employment Law: https://uslawexplained.com/notice_period

- Nolo - Do You Have to Give Two Weeks Notice Before Quitting?: https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/do-you-have-to-give-two-weeks-notice.html

- Stanton Law - Differences Between U.S. and European Labor Laws: Notice Periods: https://stantonlawllc.com/differences-between-u-s-and-european-labor-laws-part-3-notice-period/

- Optim Careers - What Is a Notice Period?: https://optimcareers.com/expert-articles/what-is-a-notice-period

- Career Sidekick - The Two-Week Notice Double Standard: https://careersidekick.com/the-two-week-notice-double-standard/

- Remotely Works - Notice Period: Global Workforce Explained: https://www.remotely.works/glossary/notice-period-global-workforce-explained

- RemoFirst - Terminating International Employees: https://www.remofirst.com/post/international-employee-termination

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00:00 — Introduction

00:52 — The Invisible Tax

00:56 — Why America Is Different

01:07 — Wrap Up

Sources:

- Federal Reserve Bank of Boston - Who Gains and Who Loses from Credit Card Payments? (Working Paper No. 10-03): https://www.bostonfed.org/-/media/Documents/Workingpapers/PDF/ppdp1003.pdf

- NBER - Who Pays for Payments? (Working Paper No. 35067): https://www.nber.org/papers/w35067

- Federal Reserve Board - Who Pays for Your Rewards? Redistribution in the Credit Card Market (FEDS 2023-007): https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2023007pap.pdf

- Wikipedia - Interchange Fee: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_fee

- International Center for Law and Economics - Credit Cards and the Reverse Robin Hood Fallacy: https://laweconcenter.org/resources/credit-cards-and-the-reverse-robin-hood-fallacy-do-credit-card-rewards-really-steal-from-the-poor-and-give-to-the-rich/

- Stripe - Interchange Fees 101: https://stripe.com/resources/more/interchange-fees-101-what-they-are-how-they-work-and-how-to-cut-costs

- Clearly Payments - The Future of Interchange Fees: 2026 and Beyond: https://www.clearlypayments.com/blog/the-future-of-interchange-fees-2026-and-beyond/

- LendingTree - The Cost of Accepting Credit Card Payments: NA vs EU: https://www.lendingtree.com/credit-cards/articles/na-vs-eu-interchangefees/

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