The Ottomans are blindsided by the Christian states of the Balkans while still fighting a war against Italy, and the Great Powers don’t seem to care to much about maintaining the old balance of power.

Bibliography

The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908-14, Feroz Ahmad

The Emergence of Modern Turkey; Third Edition, Bernard Lewis

The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923, Sean McMeekin

The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, Eugene Rogan

The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire, Alan Palmer

The Balkans: Nationalism, War, and the Great Powers, 1804-1999, Misha Glenny

A History of the Balkans, Ferdinand Schevill

The Serbs: The Guardians of the Gate, R.G.D. Laffan

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Bibliography

History of the Balkans, Volume I: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Barbara Jelavich

We backtrack the narrative again to cover the history of the Balkans from the late 18th century up to the 1870s.

Bibliography

The Rise of Nationalism in the Balkans, Wesley m. Gewehr

History of the Balkans, Volume I: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Barbara Jelavich  

Bibliography

Libya, John Wright

Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya 1911-1912, Timothy W. Childs

Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire, by Caroline Finkel

The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908-1914, Feroz Ahmad

The Ottoman Endgame: War Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923, Sean McMeekin

We look at the history of Libya between the end of the Qaramanli Dynasty in 1835 and the Tripolitanian War in 1911.

Bibliography

Libya, John Wright

North Africa 1800-1900: A Survey from the Nile Valley to the Atlantic, Magali Morsy

A History of Modern Libya, Dirk Vandewalle

Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya 1911-1912, Timothy W. Childs

In this episode we backtrack the narrative two centuries to when the Qaramanli Dynasty came to power in Tripoli, and how they engaged in a campaign of piracy that eventually lead to their demise. 

Bibliography

Captives: Britain, Empire, and the World, 1600-1850, Linda Colley

Libya, John Wright

North Africa 1800-1900: A Survey from the Nile Valley to the Atlantic, Magali Morsy

A History of Modern Libya, Dirk Vandewalle

Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East 1776-Present, Michael B. Oren

Thomas Jefferson’s Quran: Islam and the Founders, Denise A. Spellberg

Thomas Jefferson and the Tripoli Pirates, Brian Kilmeade and Don Yaeger

In this episode, the Committee of Union and Progress try to re-establish their authority over what is left of the Ottoman Empire, but they are having difficulty holding their own ranks together, all the while trying to tame the army. 

Bibliography

Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire, by Caroline Finkel

The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908-1914, Feroz Ahmad

The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire, Alan Palmer

A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East, David Fromkin

The Emergence of Modern Turkey: Third Edition, Bernard Lewis

The Ottoman Endgame: War Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923, Sean McMeekin

Bibliography

The Arabs in History: Revised Edition, Bernard Lewis

The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2000 Years, Bernard Lewis

A History of the Arab Peoples, Albert Hourani

God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215, David Levering Lewis

A Concise History of the Middle East: Tenth Edition, Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. and Lawrence Davidson

Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes, Tamim Ansary

In this episode we look at the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, and the attempted counter Revolution of 1909. 

Bibliography

Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire, by Caroline Finkel

The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923, Sean McMeekin

The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics 1908-1914, by Feroz Ahmad

The Emergence of Modern Turkey: Third Edition, by Bernard Lewis