How many balls could a football foot, if a football could foot balls?

In today's episode, (our 50th WOW!!) worlds collide as the jocks and the nerds meld minds and the History Spelunkers becomes a sports podcast. Some of the issues we tackle in our conversation are as follows: How old are different sports? Does it makes sense for the United States to have their own football? Is soccer the better name? Can Kelvin pronounce indigenous names? Dive down the Rabbit hole to find out!!

SHOWNOTES:

• Episode art is a sketch of a Calcio Storico game from the 1600s, public domain via Wikimedia Commons
• Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds
• 
  
• https://darwinshistoryofsoccer.weebly.com/history.html
• https://web.archive.org/web/20121225025856/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html
• Highest Scoring College Game: https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2024-09-14/georgia-tech-222-cumberland-college-0-history-weird-facts
• Highest Scoring College Game: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doZzrsDJo-4&ab_channel=JonBois
• Aussie Rules: https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/australian-rules-football
• First College Football Game: https://scarletknights.com/sports/2022/7/25/sports-m-footbl-archive-first-game-html.aspx
• Medival Football -- Calcio Storico: https://italysegreta.com/calcio-storico/
• Italian Fascist Football -- Volata: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie7y2DSkfW0&ab_channel=ArchivioLuceCinecitt%C3%A0
• Harpastrum: https://www.topendsports.com/sport/extinct/harpastum.htm
• Episkyros: https://www.britannica.com/sports/ball-sports#ref265840
• Eton Wall Game: https://www.etoncollege.com/news-and-diary/school-news/a-most-eton-sport-the-wall-game/
• Gaelic Football: https://www.gaa.ie/my-gaa/getting-involved/football-history-and-evolution
• Rugby: https://www.britannica.com/sports/rugby
• Modern Mob football: https://apnews.com/article/royal-shrovetide-ashbourne-ancient-soccer-murder-880658c923b33288df42af109d25e458
• Austus fusion sport: https://www.topendsports.com/sport/extinct/austus.htm

That is the question every man through time has faced. In today's episode we will delve into the social, political, and economic pressures that have influenced whether or not men as a class favor hair on their face throughout history.

Shownotes

• Episode Photo is of President Rutherford Hayes, POTUS with the longest beard, public domain accessed via Wikimedia Commons
• Sound clip is from an interview of the Duck Dynasty cast on Jimmy Kimmel Live show, from youtube
• Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds
• https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/who-had-best-civil-war-facial-hair-180951965/
• https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30037914
• https://daily.jstor.org/hair-gender-and-social-status-in-ancient-egypt/ 
• https://uk.bulldogskincare.com/blogs/news/when-in-rome-the-ancient-history-of-traditional-shaving#:~:text=Beards%20among%20Romans%20was%20revived,out%20of%20fashion%20ever%20since.
• https://www.grunge.com/790046/why-ancient-egyptians-shaved-all-their-hair/ 
• https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30037914
• https://www.jstor.org/stable/3829878
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555278/
• https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/a-brief-history-of-beards/
• https://www.truefittandhill.com/blogs/journal/history-of-beards-and-facial-hair
• https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/beards-mustaches-weird-history
• https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/stubble-and-statecraft-how-beards-grew-political
• https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/1/28/21077676/beard-change-politics-beto-orourke-al-gore-david-letterman-conan-obrien
• https://www.politico.com/magazine/gallery/2015/12/politicians-with-beards-000559/?slide=0
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_hair_in_the_military
• https://www.wou.edu/history/files/2015/08/Walsh-Devan.pdf
• https://www.indianamuseum.org/blog-post/whiskers-for-votes-or-why-abraham-lincoln-grew-a-beard/
• https://medium.com/@evgeny_o/why-the-greeks-grew-a-beard-while-the-romans-did-not-5d52a91c989#:~:text=The%20Romans%20believed%20that%20a,age%20solemnly%20shaved%20it%20off.
• https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Barba.html

Happy Holidays, History Spelunkers! What would you do to get your booze on? Well the cadets at the prestigious United States Military Academy at West Point are apparently willing to do a lot...

Shownotes:

1. Episode art: The centennial of the United States Military academy at West Point, New York. 1802-1902, 1904, Internet Archive Book Images, No restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons
2. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/egg-nog-its-all-fun-and-games-until-someone-starts-a-holiday-riot-180949281/
3. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/university-of-virginia-riot-of-1836/

Everyone gets up to some crazy stuff in college. For many it is the first time they are experiencing their first bouts of freedom and responsibility. Obviously the first thing we plan on doing with these new powers is to do something .... bizarre, but hey it cant be too weird if we are all doing it .... Right?

Content Warning: Animal Abuse

Shownotes:

1. https://www.stltoday.com/news/archives/1952-mizzous-panty-raids-get-out-of-hand-the-national-guard-is-called-in/collection_47206b6e-f118-582c-b94f-411669d47431.html
2. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2022/12/1/panty-raids-retrospection/
3. https://jimnicar.com/2014/11/24/the-great-panty-raid-of-november-1961/ 
4. https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/1939-year-goldfish-gulping
5. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/great-goldfish-swallowing-craze-1939-180954429/
6. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/01/netherlands-catfish-swallowing/581359/ 
7. https://digitalcollections.library.gsu.edu/digital/collection/ajc/id/7252/ 
8. https://www.chattanoogan.com/2014/4/7/273658/The-Memorable-Streaking-Craze-Of-The.aspx
9. https://www.americanheritage.com/streaking-fad
10. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/gallaudet-rat-graves
11. https://thedailytexan.com/2020/02/10/one-special-fish-named-loompa-brings-ut-austin-community-together/ 
12. Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds
13. Episode Art: Photo of a successful Panty Raid at the University of Southern California accessed at the UT History Corner, link https://jimnicar.com/2014/11/24/the-great-panty-raid-of-november-1961/ 

Content Warning: Racial and Sexual Violence

Welcome back to another episode of History Spelunkers. In this episode we learn about the Ku Klux Klan and how they managed to become such a large and influential organization during the 1920s. It is important to know one's enemy in order to fight against them effectively.

Shownotes:

1. Episode Art is a photo of a KKK march in Washington D.C. in 1928, public domain, accessed via Wikimedia commons
2. Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds
3. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/ku-klux-klan
4. https://www.tpr.org/show/texas-matters/2017-03-17/texas-matters-how-the-kkk-took-control-of-texas-and-how-dan-moody-broke-them
5. https://www.austincc.edu/jlw/klan
6. https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/the-ku-klux-klan-in-the-1920s
7. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/vocesnovae/vol11/iss1/2/
8. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/12/second-klan/509468/
9. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/lily-white-movement
10. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2197800
11. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/grant-kkk/
12. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ku-klux-klan-in-the-reconstruction-era/
13. https://lynchinginamerica.eji.org/explore
14. https://plaintalkhistory.com/monroeandflorencework/context/lynching.html
15. https://www.tuskegee.edu/news/tuskegee-university-hosts-lynchings-and-liberators-exhibition-throughout-february#:~:text=Tuskegee%20University%20now%20houses%20the,African%20Americans%20and%201%2C297%20whites.
16. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/packets/1
17. https://wacohistory.org/items/show/200
18. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279068/m2/1/high_res_d/1002659471-morris.pdf
19. https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/2104/5376/richard_fair_thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
20. https://texaspolitics.utexas.edu/archive/html/exec/governors/12.html
21. https://vtuhr.org/articles/10.21061/vtuhr.v11i1.145
22. https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-birth-of-a-nation#:~:text=Pressure%20from%20black%20voters%20causes,ban%20screenings%20of%20the%20film.&text=An%20African%20American%20newspaper%20in%20Denver%20argues%20against%20film%20coming%20to%20town.&text=Group%20of%20ministers%20in%20Iowa%20passes%20resolution%20denouncing%20film.&text=Birth%20of%20a%20Nation%20banned%20in%20Ohio.
23. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/womenkkk/
24. https://19thnews.org/2020/12/first-came-suffrage-then-came-the-women-of-the-ku-klux-klan/
25. https://labs.library.vcu.edu/klan/learn

Happy Halloween! Welcome back to another spooky episode of History Spelunkers in which we discuss the stories that led us to the modern perception of the most infamous of blood sucking beasties.... the vampire!!!

Shownotes:

• Episode art is a scene from the 1922 film Nosferatu.
• The Vampyre: A Tale by John Polidori; accessible via Project Gutenberg, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6087/6087-h/6087-h.htm
• Dracula by Bram Stokerl accessible via Project Gutenberg, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/345/345-h/345-h.htm
• Carmilla by Sheridan Le Fanu; accessible via Project Gutenberg, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10007/10007-h/10007-h.htm
• Varney the Vampire by James Malcolm Rymer and Thomas Peckett Prest, accessible via the Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/VarneyTheVampyre/page/n1/mode/1up
• Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants of Hungary, Moravia, et al. by Antoine Augustin Calmet; accessible via Project Gutenberg, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29412/29412-h/29412-h.htm
• https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/grave-mercy-brown
• https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-englands-mystery-vampire-was-likely-farmer-named-john-180972815/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=teFCP69trOI&ab_channel=CaitlinDoughty
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EQ_axr1y7Y&ab_channel=KazRowe
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sF9FIPSLMeM&ab_channel=ESOTERICA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CS-KMoEjXBQ&t=509s&ab_channel=Let%27sTalkReligion
• Portrait of Vladislav Dracula, Unknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vlad_Tepes_002.jpg
• Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds

Hello all, and happy Election Season! 2024 is shapeing up to be one of the most dramatic and consequential year for national elections around the world. In the US many voters have expressed a desire for more options than the two main political parties, and they might be told that "this is how its always been". In this episode, we work to undo that myth and examine the long history of "third parties" in this country and hear about the most successful.

Shownotes:

• Episode Art: 1912 Progressive Party Campaign Button; Anonymous/Unknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
• https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/revolution/overview/whigstories/
• Political Platforms: https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/app-categories/elections-and-transitions/party-platforms
• https://news.gallup.com/poll/651278/support-third-political-party-dips.aspx
• https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/elections-2024/third-parties-in-elections
• Former and Current Third Party Legislators:
• https://www.senate.gov/senators/SenatorsRepresentingThirdorMinorParties.htm
• https://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/
• https://ballotpedia.org/Current_independent_and_minor_party_federal_and_state_officeholders
• Political Platforms for Minor Parties:
• https://www.lp.org/platform/
• https://www.gp.org/platform
• https://constitutionparty.com/principles/platform/
• https://www.prohibitionparty.org/platform
• https://www.solidarity-party.org/platform
• https://pslweb.org/program/
• Wizard of Oz Analysis: https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/populism-and-world-oz
• Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds
• https://www.archives.gov/files/legislative/resources/ebooks/two-party-system.pdf
• https://guides.loc.gov/federalist-papers/full-text
• John C. Calhoun Picture: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/John_C_Calhoun_by_Mathew_Brady%2C_1849.jpg

Are you a fan of a nice summer day? How about a cool fall wind? Do you like the look of a light snowfall in your yard? What if you could have whatever you wanted at a moments notice and all you had to do was call your local government? Well what if I told you that thanks to your tax dollars, you just might be able to get a permit for that.....

Shownotes:

• https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-did-donald-trump-suggest-nuking-hurricanes-1535171
• https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title15/chapter9A&edition=prelim#:~:text=No%20person%20may%20engage%2C%20or,Secretary%20may%20by%20rule%20prescribe.
• https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/weather/
• https://archive.org/details/Galaxy_v19n03_1961-02/page/n36/mode/1up?view=theater
• https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/weather-modification 
• https://orau.org/health-physics-museum/collection/nuclear-weapons/hiroshima/black-rain.html
• https://www.science.org/content/article/can-nuclear-fallout-make-it-rain 
• https://web.archive.org/web/20150828101449/http://www.knmi.nl/publications/fulltexts/hailcannons2_preprint.pdf 
• http://www.douglas-self.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/hailcan/hailcan.htm
• https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/when-us-government-tried-make-rain-exploding-dynamite-sky-180970193/
• https://grist.org/politics/believe-it-or-not-trump-isnt-the-first-to-propose-nuking-hurricanes/
• https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/10/17218872/nasa-rocket-engine-test-stennis-space-center-cloud-generation
• https://www.nytimes.com/video/arts/television/1247465789178/excerpt-conspiracy-theory.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXuc7SAyk2s&ab_channel=FOX10Phoenix
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl2JnXjwWBM&ab_channel=WFAA
• Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds
• Episode art is a sketch of the 1901 International Hail Cannon Congress; Plumandon, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In the Americas the United States is considered the first experiment at non-monarchical rule and democracy. But what if I told you that there might be a group that might've tested the sails of democracy on the high seas?

Show Notes:

• Episode art is a photo of one of the few Jolly Roger flags that we know existed. The photo belongs to Karlsson, Anneli, CC BY 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
• Recommend reading: The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down by Colin Woodard; https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/442239.The_Republic_of_Pirates
• Text of A General History of the Pyrates by Capt. Charles Johnson https://www.gutenberg.org/files/40580/40580-h/40580-h.htm
• Pirates of the Caribbean clip audio clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSPBKt-x2Cw (OG belongs to Disney)
• Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds

With there being so many states, it understandable that sometimes it would be confusing to know which one you are in. But it gets more confusing when people begin arguing over which state you should be in and are willing to stab you if you disagree with them.

Shownotes:

• Episode art is a map of Ellis Island from the NPS that shows the approximate boundary of the original island
• https://www.michigan.gov/dmva/about/history/military-events/highlights/the-toledo-war
• https://www.heritage.org/immigration/heritage-explains/the-toledo-war
• https://ohiomemory.ohiohistory.org/archives/4196
• https://newengland.com/today/living/new-england-history/vermontflag/
• https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/
• https://www.nps.gov/elis/faqs.htm
• Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/mountaineer/through-the-clouds