Professor Sarah Rowland-Jones tells us about her work on HIV with children in Africa. HIV behaves very differently in children: while most adults are able to control the virus after infection, children often struggle to do so, resulting in an extremely high mortality rate. Professor Sarah Rowland-Jones aims to contribute to the design of vaccines and immunotherapies against HIV infection, including HIV-2 infection, for both adults and children, in developing countries where an effective vaccine is desperately needed. Her work mainly focuses on anti-viral immunity, and in particular how immune responses modify the outcome of HIV infection.