Through the previous two episodes, we outlined the realities of honeybees and the limitations of the ecosystems around us to support honeybees. With that in mind, if we choose to continue to live alongside European Honeybees, what should that look like?

Honeybees: More Than Just "Butt Stabby Sky Caterpillars"

The episode kicks off with Andy's humorous, albeit inaccurate, description of honeybees as "butt stabby sky caterpillars". This lighthearted introduction sets the tone for the discussion, which quickly dives into a more scientifically accurate classification of these insects.

Honeybees belong to the order Hymenoptera, which includes wasps, ants, and sawflies. Within this order, honeybees are further categorized under the genus Apis mellifera, encompassing a diverse array of over 7,500 species.

The hosts emphasize that honeybees are considered "eusocial" insects, meaning they exhibit a high level of social organization and cooperation within their colonies. This intricate social structure involves a complex division of labor, cooperative brood care, and overlapping generations within the hive.

The Circle of Life: The Eight Stages of a Honeybee's Existence

The episode provides a detailed overview of a honeybee's life cycle, which unfolds in eight distinct stages, beginning with an egg. The hosts briefly touch upon the intriguing possibility of bee eggs as a culinary delicacy, albeit acknowledging the lack of widespread consumption.

From Egg to Larva: The Role of Royal Jelly

The hosts explain that upon hatching from the egg, the honeybee larva resembles a "tiny white glistening worm-like" creature. During the initial stages of development, all female larvae are fed royal jelly, a nutrient-rich substance secreted by nurse bees.

The quantity and duration of royal jelly consumption determine the fate of the female bee. Those destined to become queens receive a continuous supply of royal jelly throughout their larval stage, spanning four and a half days. Worker larvae, on the other hand, transition to a diet of bee bread, also known as brood food, after just two days.

Drones: The "Five-Headed" Members of the Hive

Drone larvae, the males of the colony, follow a similar dietary pattern but extend their royal jelly intake for six days, which the hosts attribute to their "giant ass head". The hosts highlight the physical distinction of drones, noting their larger size and prominent eyes.

The episode also reveals a fascinating detail about drone cell placement within the hive. Worker bees strategically position drone cells around the edges of the brood frames. This placement ensures that during periods of cold weather, the drones, deemed less essential for the hive's survival, are the first to perish.

From Larva to Pupa: Metamorphosis Within a "Secret Cocoon"

As the larvae mature, worker bees cap their cells, initiating the pupation stage. The hosts describe this transformation as occurring within a "secret cocoon" spun by the larva. Inside this cocoon, the larva undergoes a remarkable metamorphosis, developing the characteristic features of an adult bee: three distinct body parts, six legs, four wings, and compound eyes.

Emerging from the Cocoon: Life as a Worker, Drone, or Queen

The episode outlines the varying emergence times for each bee type: worker bees take 21 days, drones 24 days, and queens a mere 16 days. This discrepancy in development time, particularly the shorter duration for queens, is attributed to the richer diet they receive as larvae and their crucial role within the hive.

Newly emerged queens engage in a fierce competition for dominance, seeking out rival queens and queen cells in an attempt to eliminate any contenders. This "Highlander" scenario ensures that only one queen reigns supreme within the hive.

Drones: The "Lottery Winners" of the Hive

Drones, upon emerging from their cells, enjoy a life of relative leisure. Worker bees cater to their needs, feeding them until they are self-sufficient. The hosts humorously characterize drones as "teddy bears with dicks that can fly," highlighting their lack of involvement in hive maintenance tasks.

Worker Bees: The Backbone of the Hive

Worker bees, comprising the majority of the hive population, shoulder the responsibility of all hive operations, excluding reproduction and mating. Their tasks range from building and maintaining the hive structure to foraging for food, caring for the queen, drones, and larvae. Despite their tireless efforts, worker bees typically have a lifespan of six weeks, although this extends to six months during the winter.

The Queen: The Egg-Laying Monarch

Queens, the largest bees within the hive, possess elongated abdomens for their primary function: egg-laying. Their lifespan typically ranges from a few years to a maximum of eight years. The queen's presence within the hive is marked by a pheromone that allows other bees to recognize her.

The episode underscores that the queen's development into a reproductive female hinges on her consistent diet of royal jelly during her larval stage.

The Mating Flight: A "Giant B Orgy in the Sky"

The episode concludes with a description of the queen's mating flight, which the hosts humorously dub a "giant B orgy in the sky". Around a week after emerging from her cell, the queen embarks on a mating flight to a drone congregating area. There, she mates with multiple drones from other hives, ensuring genetic diversity within her colony. This mating frenzy typically lasts for two to four days.

Upon returning to the hive, the queen begins laying eggs within 48 hours. If weather conditions or other circumstances prevent the queen from completing her mating flight within 20 to 30 days, she loses her ability to mate and can only lay unfertilized eggs, which develop into drones.

The episode wraps up with a promise of more in-depth explorations of specific aspects of bee biology and behavior in future episodes. Listeners are left with a tantalizing glimpse into the intricate world of honeybees, sparking curiosity and appreciation for these essential pollinators.

For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/