Church tradition for various reasons has assigned four symbols to the four Gospels: Matthew is a man. Mark is a lion. Luke is an ox or calf. John is an eagle. Historically, these pictures are found in illuminated manuscripts, paintings, and church architecture details. Together all four are called the “tetramorph.”

Do these symbols sound familiar? They’re based on the four living creatures found in Revelation (vv. 5–8). These are likely angels, since similar living creatures are described in Ezekiel 1 and 10, and these are cherubim. In some ways, the descriptions also resemble the seraphim in Isaiah 6:2–3. Like those, the four living creatures here sing “Holy, holy, holy!” to the Lord.

Revelation 4–5 introduce and set the tone for the rest of the book. In chapter 4, John sees a vision of God on His heavenly throne (vv. 1–3, 5–6). In the throne room of heaven, the consummation of history is about to begin! Words aren’t enough, and John uses images of radiance, color, and precious jewels to depict God’s glory, and images of thunder, smoke, and lightning to convey His power and awesomeness. Many of these are references to Old Testament passages in which God appears, such as Exodus 19 and Ezekiel 1.

Around the throne, also on golden thrones, are 24 elders (v. 4). These are likely human beings. They’re dressed in white, signifying purity and righteousness. Some believe that the number 24 indicates twelve from the tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles. Just as the four living creatures praise the One on the throne, so do the 24 elders (vv. 9–11). They lay their crowns before Him, giving Him all the glory. Their praise focuses on His worthiness to be worshiped as the Creator, a theme found in the Psalms (see Psalm 19).

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