Translation philosophy, continued:Paraphrases such as The Living Bible or The Message are dangerous to use for Bible study.Compare I Timothy 3:4 and Titus 1:6.Literal (word-for-word, formal equivalence)Provides a window to original words chosen by the Holy SpiritCommunicates doctrinal points that may be based on single wordsMatthew 22:42-46 (Psalm 110:1)Galatians 3:16Romans 13:4; Proverbs 13:24I Timothy 2:12Retains nuances and richness of meaning inherent in the original wordsII Corinthians 5:7; Galatians 5:16John 13:21I Kings 2:10Luke 22:31-35 (KVJ) – “thee” and “thou” are singular, “you” and “your” are pluralAids study with more consistent translation of words(Sophos, wise, in I Corinthians 1:19ff and 3:10ff)Avoids modern gender-neutral trendSometimes the original words just mean person (Matthew 16:24).Other times, the meaning is changed by removing the gender (Psalm 34:20).Luke 17:3Nahum 3:13Dynamic (thought-for-thought, functional equivalence)Attempts to retain the meaning of the text, including idiomsII Samuel 18:25Amos 4:6