Human Factors Minute

...and now for another Human Factors Minute!

In order for people to recognize and avoid dangerous conditions, they must be see the hazard.

Adequate illumination is critical for people to detect and identify hazards in time to avoid them. We measure the illumination and reflectivity of objects to determine their relative contrast, and the resulting visibility.

Our eyes handle a huge range of light visibility, in part by using two types of receptors: rods, which work well under low light conditions, and cones that work best under bright conditions.

In low light conditions, such as the outer edges of a headlight or work light beam, brightness contrast is what matters most.

This is because the rods, which detect very low levels of light, only come in one model, whereas cones come in three models. Having three different types of cones allows us to differentiate colors, and having only one type of rods leaves us in a black and white world.

In the case of safety and forensics, establishing visibility is only the first step. The follow up question is always, “when was this object noticeable”.

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The Consumer Electronic Show (CES) is a major technology trade show hosted by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). This organization represents over 2,000 consumer technology companies by providing market research and helping businesses implement technical standards.

Every January, the CES showcases breakthrough technologies from multiple companies. The conference, regularly held in Las Vegas, is an opportunity for companies to exhibit their products and allow attendees to preview innovative technologies created for consumers across the globe. Some of the product categories available at CES include artificial intelligence, drones, AR/VR/XR, digital health, robotics, vehicle tech, gaming, and more. In addition, industry leaders speak about relevant issues revolving the future of technologies in a constantly evolving market.

For 17 days, attendees gain firsthand experience with world-changing technologies, from the videocassette recorder in 1970 to virtual reality in 2015. With over a thousand exhibitors from domestic and international companies and extensive media coverage, CES is the main show to attend to gather intel on popular technology trends.

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Virtual manufacturing and response surface methodology (VMRSM) is a method in ergonomics to use computerized tools and statistical analysis for workstation design.

Computerized tools help assist and enable an individual to simulate an evaluate a large mnumber of design configurations with respect to multiple performance measures.

Many of the tools available have the capability to model a workstation, but fail to model the interaction a user may have with a given workspace.

By combining the virtual modeling tools with an analysis by the ergonomist, human performance and ergonomic needs can be assessed to design these workstations.

The advantage of this method is that many computer tools are defined by metrics (like height, length, depth) and this frees up the analyst to focus on workflow, rather than specific parameters.

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Did you know that the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society has 24 technical groups that are concerned with the human factors aspects of specific application areas?

One of those is the System Development Technical Group

The System Development Technical Group fosters research and the exchange of

information for integrating human factors and ergonomics into the development of

systems.

System development is concerned with defining human factors activities and

integrating them into the system development process in order to provide products

where the human is an integral part.

The focus of the SDTG is to provide methodologies for developing or modernizing human-machine systems.

Human factors practitioners working in all areas of development of systems involving a

human operator, controller, or maintainer are engaged in applied research, application,

or both.

The human factors and ergonomics practitioner is the primary user advocate

during system development.

To find out more about HFES and their technical groups, visit HFES.org. This has been another Human Factors Minute!

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Hearing has a much greater impact on performance than most people realize.

Modern aircraft designs put high demands on vision as the primary sense for information gathering, but such designs can lead to increased attentional demands that have the potential to decrease situational awareness.

To compensate, sound has become more important for delivering information or to divert a pilot’s attention to an area that needs monitoring.

At a very basic level, the ability to hear a signal will affect a pilot’s ability to respond to that signal. A signal could be missed because of physical problems related to the ear or because of environmental issues such as noise.

In addition to signal interference, noise associated with flight can cause physiological and/or psychological problems that can degrade performance.

The effects of noise on performance are complex. However, from an operational point of view, one of the most important issues is how noise affects attention. A number of studies have explored this issue.

Findings demonstrated that noise tends to decrease the ability to share attention between several concurrent tasks, especially when the tasks must be performed for extended periods of time.

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The Nielsen Normal Group (NN/g) is a well known UX research and consulting firm that has contributed much to the field of Human Factors. Neilson Norman group is known to provide researchers and designers formal training on User experience principles. One of these certificates for training can be awarded to individuals who complete 5 courses at any UX conference. The goal of the certificate is to provide practitioners with knowledge of UX design guidelines and how to apply said guidelines in practical situations.

The UX Certificate offered by NN/g is one out of the many certificates available to the public that will help enhance human factors professionals credibility and helps demonstrate expertise in the world of UX. This may be especially useful for those beginning their career journey into the field and are searching for an alternative to a university degree.

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Macroergonomics addresses the need to consider not just the details of particular devices or preocess but the need to conisder the overall work system.

Macroergonomics takes a broad systems perspective and considers the design of teams and organizations.

A typical methods used in marcoergonomics is the Macroergonomic analysis and design or (MEAD).

Mead is a method that assesses work-system processes by using a ten-step process.

This method can guide institutional data collection and analysis to determine the risks and causal factors leading to experiments that will help with new design and intervention strategies.

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...and now for another Human Factors Minute! Did you know that the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society has 24 technical groups that are concerned with the human factors aspects of specific application areas?

One of those is the The Surface Transportation Technical Group (STTG)

This technical group provides a forum for people involved or interested in human factors to exchange information, methodologies, and ideas that are being developed and/or applied in the international surface transportation field.

The TG’s interest encompasses numerous modes for transporting humans and resources: passenger, commercial, and military vehicles, both on- and off-road; mass transit; maritime transportation; rail transit, including

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS); pedestrian and bicycle traffic; and highway and infrastructure systems. In essence, surface transportation refers to all forms of transit outside the aerospace sector.

Members of the Surface Transportation Technical Group recognize that the human operator is an integral component of a system (comprised of the operator, the surface vehicle, and the environment), just as the pilot is an integral component of the aircraft system. Therefore, the same effort that goes into designing and developing the vehicle and its infrastructure must be put into optimizing the behavior and performance of the operator.

As the performance capabilities of ground, rail, and waterbased vehicles become more advanced, accompanied by equal advances in the complexity of the operating environments, action must be take to ensure that vehicle handlers are able to perform their tasks with minimal errors and maximum comfort.

In addition to focusing upon the relationship between operators and their vehicles, members of the STTG are concerned with the behavior and performance of others who interact with these vehicles, including passengers, pedestrians, service personnel, etc. Furthermore, as the Information Age leads to technological developments that can enhance the safety and efficiency of transportation systems, STTG members are becoming more and more interested in the effects of infrastructure development (e.g., highways, traffic control devices, traffic management centers, etc.) on vehicle operators.

To find out more about HFES and their technical groups, visit HFES.org. This has been another Human Factors Minute!

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The Defence Acquisition University is an opportunity to extend your learning, especially for those working in the defense industry.

DAU aims to provide a global learning environment to develop qualified acquisition, requirements, and contingency professionals

who deliver and sustain effective and affordable warfighting capabilities.

DAU is composed of five main regional campus locations and two colleges and offers both in-person and online courses.

Of particular interest to Human Factors professionals, classes on systems engineering and human systems integration can be particularly helpful to contractors looking to incorporate human factors principles with larger projects backed by the united states military.

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The Federation of the European Ergonomics Societies also known as FEES mission is to enhance the recognition of ergonomics contributing to economic development, to quality of life, to health and safety at work, and to social progress in European Countries.

FEES is a network of the ergonomics societies in the various countries in Europe according to the description by the International Ergonomics Association (IEA) of IEA Networks. Members are ergonomics societies, not individuals. All ergonomics societies in Europe can be a member of FEES - inside the European Union landscape, but also beyond.

Objectives

Benefits to be FEES member:

to support the development of ergonomics in Europe

to influence the European Union (programs, legislation, etc.)

to develop interesting issues of mutual usage

and more

FEES supports - under the umbrella of the IEA - the development of ergonomics issues specifically related with the European region by:

enhancing mutual communication between various European ergonomics societies,

encouraging and facilitating contact and exchanges between ergonomists (educators, researchers and/or practitioners),

assisting in the organisation of European conferences about evolving ergonomics, in cooperation with the national societies.

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