The worst forms of business-related abuses often happen in the context of war or in conflict-affected areas.

In Episode 4 of the podcast �In and Around War(s)�, the co-hosts � Paola Gaeta and Ana Srovin Coralli � discuss some burning legal issues in relation to business and war with S� Benjamin Traore, who is an Assistant Professor at Mohammed VI Polytechnic University in Rabat, Morocco, and an alumnus of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights.

They focus in particular on the African context, and examine the role of businesses in the perpetration of international crimes, business complicity in the commission of war crimes, and whether international humanitarian law and international human rights law impose obligations on businesses during wars.

Links

- UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights : https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf

- Protocol on Amendments to the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (�Malabo Protocol�): https://au.int/en/treaties/protocol-amendments-protocol-statute-african-court-justice-and-human-rights

- Lafarge case: Cour de cassation (France), judgment of 7 September 2021, overturning the 2019 lower court decision that dismissed charges against Lafarge for complicity in crimes against humanity and the charges over endangering the lives of others: https://www.dalloz.fr/documentation/Document?id=CASS_LIEUVIDE_2021-09-07_1987367&ctxt=0_YSR0MD1sYWZhcmdlIGNyaW1lcyBjb250cmUgbCdodW1hbml0w6nCp3gkc2Y9c2ltcGxlLXNlYXJjaA%3D%3D&ctxtl=0_cyRwYWdlTnVtPTHCp3MkdHJpZGF0ZT1GYWxzZcKncyRzb3J0PSNkZWZhdWx0X0Rlc2PCp3Mkc2xOYlBhZz0yMMKncyRpc2Fibz1UcnVlwqdzJHBhZ2luZz1UcnVlwqdzJG9uZ2xldD3Cp3MkZnJlZXNjb3BlPUZhbHNlwqdzJHdvSVM9RmFsc2XCp3Mkd29TUENIPUZhbHNlwqdzJGZsb3dNb2RlPUZhbHNlwqdzJGJxPcKncyRzZWFyY2hMYWJlbD3Cp3Mkc2VhcmNoQ2xhc3M9#texte-integral

Follow and contact us at:

https://www.geneva-academy.ch/;

https://twitter.com/Geneva_Academy.

Copyright:

Credits for the production go to Tatiana Avanthay, Nathalie Mivelaz Tirabosco and Antonio Coco.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in contributing to the rule of law during and in post-war contexts. Their presence, activities and support � including through advancing human rights and criminal justice agendas � can make a real difference for people.

In Episode 3 of the podcast �In and Around War(s)�, the co-hosts � Antonio Coco and Ana Srovin Coralli � discuss the role of NGOs in war with Ilya Nuzov, Head of the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Desk at the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and an alumnus of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights.

Together, they discuss the role, work, challenges and key potential of NGOs in war contexts. They focus, in particular, on the activities carried out by FIDH, including documentation, litigation, advocacy and dissemination regarding international crimes and serious violations of human rights in twar-related situations.

Links

Geneva Academy�s IHL Talk, The Wagner Group: Options for Justice

International Federation of Human Rights, https://www.fidh.org/en/

Follow and contact us at:

https://www.geneva-academy.ch/;

https://twitter.com/Geneva_Academy.

Copyright:

Credits for the production go to Tatiana Avanthay, Nathalie Mivelaz Tirabosco and Paola Gaeta.

Universal jurisdiction offers a promising ground for prosecuting perpetrators of international crimes, including war crimes, particularly in cases where there is a huge risk of impunity. With the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the opening of multiple domestic investigations for related crimes, the relevance of universal jurisdiction has become more evident than ever.

In this Episode 2 of the podcast series �In and Around War(s)�, the co-hosts � Paola Gaeta and Ana Srovin Coralli � discuss the relevance of universal jurisdiction for prosecuting international crimes with Philip Grant, founder and Director of Trial International and an alumnus of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights.

The conversation touches upon the definition and rationale for universal jurisdiction, the requirements and key challenges arising in prosecuting international crimes on this basis, the recipe for a �successful practice� of universal jurisdiction in some states (e.g. Germany) and the reasons behind the opposition to this notion by some countries.

Links

Trial International, Universal Jurisdiction Annual Review 2022: https://trialinternational.org/universal-jurisdiction-tools/

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https://www.geneva-academy.ch/;

https://twitter.com/Geneva_Academy.

Copyright:

All rights go to Radio Cooperativa: https://www.cooperativa.cl/ for the Pinochet arrestation audio clip.

Credits for the production go to Tatiana Avanthay, Nathalie Mivelaz Tirabosco and Antonio Coco.

The years 2000 started with the so-called �global war on terror�, in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. The use of armed force against non-state armed groups labelled as �terrorists� has, over the years, become more and more common � and continues to pose important legal and ethical questions.

In this episode, the co-hosts � Paola Gaeta and Antonio Coco � explore the relationship between terrorism and war in a conversation with Gloria Gaggioli, current Director and alumna of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. They discuss how to identify members of armed groups which are labelled as �terrorists�, what rules apply to the fight against them, the practice of so-called �targeted killings�, the theory of the �global battlefield�, and whether the �terrorism� label adds anything to the legal assessment of the fight.

Links:

- ICRC, Guidance on Direct Participation in Hostilities, 2009: https://www.icrc.org/en/war-and-law/contemporary-challenges-for-ihl/participation-hostilities

- �Counter-Terror Project: a Legal Empirical Approach�, directed by the guest of this episode, Professor Gloria Gaggioli: https://counter-terror-project.org/

- Speech by the United States President, G.W. Bush, announcing the �global war on terror�, Address to a Joint Session of Congress, 20 September 2001.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bush_Addresses_Congress_9-20-01.ogg

Follow and contact us at:

https://www.geneva-academy.ch/;

https://twitter.com/Geneva_Academy.

Credits for the production go to:

Tatiana Avanthay, Nathalie Mivelaz Tirabosco and Ana Srovin Coralli.

The co-hosts Paola Gaeta, Antonio Coco and Ana Srovin Coralli introduce the new podcast In and Around War(s) on contemporary issues related to war.

Each episode will feature a conversation with an alumnus or alumna of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights on topical issues like terrorism, universal jurisdiction or the role of NGOs in war(s).

In relation to the podcast�s focus and title, Andrew Clapham, a Professor at the Geneva Graduate Institute and a member of the Geneva Academy Faculty, provides insights on the contemporary significance of the term �war� as opposed to �armed conflict�, as discussed in his book War (Oxford University Press, 2021).

For more resources on war(s), visit the Geneva Academy�s website: https://www.geneva-academy.ch/.