A side-by-side look at the American and French Revolutions: where each drew its ideas about rights, virtue, and liberty—and how those ideas played out in the real world. We trace Rousseau’s “general will,” Voltaire’s backlash, Robespierre’s “virtue and terror,” the de-Christianization of France, and contrast it with Washington, Hamilton, Tocqueville, and the R-A-I-L framework (Religion, Absolutes, Individual rights, Limited government) in America. If you’re curious how worldview shapes nations, this episode connects the dots. Like, comment, and subscribe to support the show!      
00:00 - Intro: Two revolutions, one question
00:14 - Set-up: Competing foundations for liberty
01:06 - France’s context: Church oppression and backlash
02:05 - America’s premise: Rights come from God
02:47 - Rousseau: “General will” over absolutes
07:05 - Voltaire’s critique of church–state power
09:04 - Diderot’s radical line and its meaning
09:59 - Robespierre: “Virtue and terror”
12:19 - Program begins: De-Christianizing France
13:01 - Civil Constitution of the Clergy
14:11 - Goddess of Reason; 10-day week; civil festivals
15:23 - Reign of Terror numbers and outcomes
16:22 - Aftermath: From revolution to Napoleon
17:45 - Pivot to America: Washington vs. French ideals
18:41 - Hamilton’s warning about atheism and liberty
19:49 - Tocqueville: Christianity and liberty intertwined
21:23 - R.A.I.L. overview (Religion, Absolutes, Individual, Limited gov.)
24:13 - Checks, balances, and restraining Leviathan
27:47 - Why history matters: Wisdom by example
28:29 - Closing and next time
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