In this episode, we break down how ideology justified repression and violence. In this episode, we explain how the system reinforced itself over time.

In this episode, we discuss how working with Stalin often ended badly. In this episode, we show how collaboration was exploited.

In this episode, we explain why the revolution didn’t end in 1917—it evolved. We show how Lenin outmaneuvered rivals once the fighting stopped.

In this episode, we analyze how the Franco-Prussian War ended France’s position as Europe’s leading military power. In this episode, we show how Germany filled that vacuum almost overnight.

In this episode, we explain how mass unrest escalated into total regime collapse. We look at why the government was unable to respond effectively.

In this episode, we explore how Bismarck strengthened his power through foreign conflicts. In this episode, we connect his leadership to the birth of a nation-state.

In this episode, we connect the Arab Revolt to the broader decline of the Ottoman Empire. In this episode, we explain how sustained pressure accelerated its downfall.

In this episode, we break down the administrative and social systems supporting Prussia’s military. In this episode, we show how structure and planning replaced chaos.

In this episode, we describe Napoleon’s last major battle and the choices he faced. We explain how those moments led directly to his downfall.

In this episode, we break down why Napoleon believed he could conquer Russia quickly. In this episode, we explain how that gamble collapsed under harsh realities.