The United States’ boarding school program was designed to strip Native children of their culture by isolating them from their families and placing them into militant style, religious boarding schools. Our second and third episodes discuss two schools in particular, the Puyallup Indian School, located on Squaxin Island, and the Cushman Indian School, located in Tacoma.

This is part 1 of a 2-part episode.

Panelists include:

• Amber Taylor, Assistant Director/Collections Manager, Puyallup Tribe
• Brandon Reynon, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Puyallup Tribe
• Charlene Krise, Executive Director of the Squaxin Island Tribe Museum Library Research Center
• Nettsie Bullchild, Director of Nisqually Tribal Archives/Nisqually Tribal Historic Preservation Office
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe

Learn more at our tribal partners websites and fortnisqually.org

Resources:

Tribal Websites

• https://www.puyalluptribe-nsn.gov/about-our-tribe/historic-preservation/
• https://squaxinislandmuseum.org/
• http://www.nisqually-nsn.gov/index.php/heritage/
• https://www.muckleshoot.nsn.us/depts/preservation#:~:text=The%20mission%20of%20the%20Preservation,as%20the%20Muckleshoot%20Indian%20Tribe

Media

• Reservation Dogs
• 1883
• Indian Horse https://www.indianhorse.ca/en
• Stolen: Surviving St. Michael's https://gimletmedia.com/shows/stolen

Since Time Immemorial Curriculum https://ospi.k12.wa.us/student-success/resources-subject-area/john-mccoy-lulilas-time-immemorial-tribal-sovereignty-washington-state

Federal Indian Boarding School Investigative Report https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/inline-files/bsi_investigative_report_may_2022_508.pdf

Season 2, Episode 1 of the Indigenous Voices Podcast focuses on the Fox Island Council, the reasons communities moved into this camp, and the conditions they lived in.

Season 1 of the Indigenous Voice Podcast explored the experiences of being Native in the Puget Sound Region. Panelists discussed everything from food sovereignty to language revitalization, ending the season in a 2-part episode about the monuments and memorials of the Puget Sound Treaty War throughout Western Washington. In the first episode of season 2, panelists pick up shortly after the conclusion of the Treaty War with the Fox Island Council.

Panelists include:

• Amber Taylor, Assistant Director/Collections Manager, Puyallup Tribe
• Brandon Reynon, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Puyallup Tribe
• Nettsie Bullchild, Director of Nisqually Tribal Archives/Nisqually Tribal Historic Preservation Office
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe

Learn more at our tribal partners websites and fortnisqually.org

Resources:

-To view transcriptions of the Fox Island Council minutes please visit https://catalog.archives.gov/id/117093019 The documents referenced in this episode begin on page 10.

-https://www.ohs.org/oregon-historical-quarterly/back-issues/upload/Stevens-and-Palmer-Treaties_1855-2005_Treaty-and-Tribal-Reference_Fall-2005.pdf

-https://www.ohs.org/oregon-historical-quarterly/back-issues/upload/Reddick-MedicineCreekFox-OHQ-106_3_Fall-2005.pdf

-https://www.jstor.org/stable/24631631

Monuments and memorials to the Treaty War can be found throughout Western Washington. Many of these monuments were placed over a century ago and reflect a one-sided and racist view of the conflict.

In episodes 11 and 12 we discuss these monuments, how tribal participants experience them, and we ask what a monument that provides an opportunity for reconciliation and learning would look like.

Panelists include:

• Brandon Reynon, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Puyallup Tribe
• Danny Marshall, Chairperson, Steilacoom Indian Tribe
• Nettsie Bullchild, Director of Nisqually Tribal Archives/Nisqually Tribal Historic Preservation Office
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe

Learn More at our tribal partner websites and fortnisqually.org.

Monuments and memorials to the Treaty War can be found throughout Western Washington. Many of these monuments were placed over a century ago and reflect a one-sided and racist view of the conflict.

In episodes 11 and 12 we discuss these monuments, how tribal participants experience them, and we ask what a monument that provides an opportunity for reconciliation and learning would look like.

Panelists include:

• Brandon Reynon, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Puyallup Tribe
• Danny Marshall, Chairperson, Steilacoom Indian Tribe
• Nettsie Bullchild, Director of Nisqually Tribal Archives/Nisqually Tribal Historic Preservation Office
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe

Learn More at our tribal partner websites and fortnisqually.org.

Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually Wildlife Refuge, formally Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge, was established in 1974 as part of the National Park Service's Registry of Natural Landmarks. The refuge is also the site of the 1854 Medicine Creek Treaty signing.

In this episode we visit the refuge and discuss how tribal sovereignty relates to the Refuge, how changes in the landscape affects sense of place, and ongoing efforts to protect sacred land.

Billy Frank Jr was known for his activism during the second treaty war, also known as the fishing wars of the 1970s. Frank organized fish-ins which led to the Boldt Decision of 1974, a federal court case that reaffirmed tribal fishing rights. Frank was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. In 2021, Washington Governor, Jay Inslee signed legislation to honor Frank with a statue in the National Statuary Hall in DC. Once complete, this statue will replace that of Marcus Whitman, an early missionary to the region.

Panelists include:

• Nettsie Bullchild, Director of Nisqually Tribal Archives/Nisqually Tribal Historic Preservation Office
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
• Additional comments provided by Kurtis Bullchild, Archives Tech, Nisqually Indian Tribe

Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually Wildlife Refuge, formally Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge, was established in 1974 as part of the National Park Service's Registry of Natural Landmarks. The refuge is also the site of the 1854 Medicine Creek Treaty signing.

In this episode we visit the refuge and ask panelists to describe the landscape, share stories related to the treaty signing, and discuss the importance of this land to tribal people.

Billy Frank Jr was known for his activism during the second treaty war, also known as the fishing wars of the 1970s. Frank organized fish-ins which led to the Boldt Decision of 1974, a federal court case that reaffirmed tribal fishing rights. Frank was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. In 2021, Washington Governor, Jay Inslee signed legislation to honor Frank with a statue in the National Statuary Hall in DC. Once complete, this statue will replace that of Marcus Whitman, an early missionary to the region.

Panelists include:

• Nettsie Bullchild, Director of Nisqually Tribal Archives/Nisqually Tribal Historic Preservation Office
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
• Additional comments provided by Kurtis Bullchild, Archives Tech, Nisqually Indian Tribe

In September 2022, the Puget Sound Treaty War Panel series was recognized, along with 52 other recipients nationwide, by the American Association for State and Local History for a Leadership in History Award. The award recognizes achievement in the preservation and interpretation of state and local history.

Earlier this summer, panel participants gathered at the Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums Conference, both in-person and virtually, to discuss the development of the panel series with museum audiences. The panelists shared their thoughts on the program’s development and evolution, its successes and challenges, and what it means to come together as a diverse group of historians to share this history.

To celebrate the program’s recognition this month, we wanted to share this conversation, in two parts. This is part two.

Panelists include:

• Brandon Reynon, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Puyallup Tribe
• Charlene Krise, Executive Director of the Squaxin Tribe Museum Library Research Center
• Elizabeth Rudrud, Events and Volunteer Coordinator, Fort Nisqually Living History Museum
• Jennifer Ott, Assistant Director, HistoryLink
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe

In September 2022, the Puget Sound Treaty War Panel series was recognized, along with 52 other recipients nationwide, by the American Association for State and Local History for a Leadership in History Award. The award recognizes achievement in the preservation and interpretation of state and local history.

Earlier this summer, panel participants gathered at the Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums Conference, both in-person and virtually, to discuss the development of the panel series with museum audiences. The panelists shared their thoughts on the program’s development and evolution, its successes and challenges, and what it means to come together as a diverse group of historians to share this history.

To celebrate the program’s recognition this month, we wanted to share this conversation, in two parts. This is part one.

Panelists include:

• Brandon Reynon, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Puyallup Tribe
• Charlene Krise, Executive Director of the Squaxin Tribe Museum Library Research Center
• Elizabeth Rudrud, Events and Volunteer Coordinator, Fort Nisqually Living History Museum
• Jennifer Ott, Assistant Director, HistoryLink
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe

In the 6th episode, we discuss tribal sovereignty and how sovereignty relates to intergovernmental relationships and tribal identity. While the term itself is often understood as a legal recognition of treaty tribes as sovereign nations that possess self-government, sovereignty also encompasses the cultural and historical traditions. It is important to note that Tribal Sovereignty pre-dates the United States and the U.S. Constitution.

Panelists include:

• Danny Marshall, Chairperson, Steilacoom Indian Tribe
• Warren KingGeorge, Historian, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe

In this episode we discuss how modern language revitalization programs are connected to tribal identity and tribal resilience. We speak with two language keepers, Janice Hicks-Bullchild, a language student from the Nisqually Tribe and Rose Davis, a language teacher from the Muckleshoot Tribe of Indians.

Panelists include:

• Janice Hicks-Bullchild, Nisqually Tribe of Indians
• Rose Davis, Muckleshoot Indian Tribe