In this episode we talk about liberalisation, one of the central reform movements in infrastructure governance during the last 30 years. We discuss the liberalisation of the electricity and telecommunication sectors in Germany, which is also intertwined with a larger movement on the EU level.

References

Bieling, H.-J. (2008). Liberalisierung und Privatisierung in Deutschland: Versuch einer Zwischenbilanz. WSI Mitteilungen 10/2008. https://www.wsi.de/data/wsimit_2008_10_bieling.pdf

Dewenter, Ralf; Haucap, Justus (2004) : Die Liberalisierung der Telekommunikationsbranche in Deutschland, Diskussionspapier, No. 27, https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/23614/1/paper_27.pdf

Serrallés, R. J. (2006). Electric energy restructuring in the European Union: Integration, subsidiarity and the challenge of harmonization. Energy Policy. Volume 34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.041

Science Direct Summary "Competitive Market": https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-and-finance/competitive-market

Natural monopoly definition: https://www.unescwa.org/sd-glossary/natural-monopoly

In the context of neoliberal reforms privatization is often presented as a way to make infrastructure service delivery more efficient and cost-effective. In this episode we try to give a strutured overview of potential avantages and disadvantages of both public and private service provision. We also discuss why public-private-partnerships are so popular and what are the challenges in the negotiation of such contracts.

References

Buse, K. & Bayliss, K. (2022). England's privatised water: profits over people and planet. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o2076

Castro, R. (2024). Regulation of Natural Monopolies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55251-9_6

Deutscher Bundestag. (2024). Daseinsvorsorge. Begriff und Rechtsgrundlagen. https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/1013810/b600c65d9eff3e5f3eef1214a957ed04/WD-3-059-24-pdf.pdf

Devkar, G. A., Mahalingam, A., Deep, A., Thillairajan, A. (2013). Impact of Private Sector Participation on access and quality in provision of electricity, telecom and water services in developing countries: A systematic review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2013.08.002.

European Commission. Services of general interest. https://commission.europa.eu/topics/single-market/services-general-interest_en

Fabre, A. & Straub, S.. (2023). The Impact of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Infrastructure, Health, and Education. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.20211607

Fukuyama, F. (2016). Governance: What Do We Know, and How Do We Know It?. Annual Review Political Science. 19:89-105. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-042214-044240

Glaeser, E.L. & Poterba, J.M. (2020). Economic Analysis and Infrastructure Investement. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w28215/w28215.pdf

Gupta, S., & Sharma, A. K. (2022). Evolution of infrastructure as an asset class: A systematic literature review and thematic analysis. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41260-022-00255-3

Hartnett, M. (2026). Market Failure: Natural Monopoly. https://www.sciotoanalysis.com/news/market-failure-natural-monopoly

Romero, M., Sandefur, J., Sandholtz, W.A. (2020). Outsourcing Education: Experimental Evidence from Liberia. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20181478&&from=f

The internet is the fastest growing infrastructures in the world and while it already shapes our everyday life, it's impact will still grow in the future. In this episode we try to give you a basic understanding of how the internet works and how it may be different from other large networked systems.

References

General

https://www.cloudflare.com/de-de/learning/network-layer/how-does-the-internet-work/

Video makes up ~80% of online traffic: https://www.demandsage.com/video-marketing-statistics/

Complaint against Telekom AG regarding unequal treatment of different users/service: https://freiheitsrechte.org/ueber-die-gff/presse/pressemitteilungen-der-gesellschaft-fur-freiheitsrechte/pm-netzneutralit%C3%A4t

International competition and private companies in submarine cable Installation: https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/us-china-tech-subcom/

Explore further

Submarine Cable Map: https://www.submarinecablemap.com/ready-for-service/2003

Check your IP location: https://www.iplocation.net/#google_vignette

Check your network: https://www.peeringdb.com/net/572

Mapa of the Internet: https://learninglink.oup.com/access/content/schaller-3e-dashboard-resources/image-map-of-the-internet-20031513285356511

In this episode we explore the concept of spatial justice and establish additional terminology to better understand and analyze related phenomena. We hope that this allows you to better recognize and describe instances of spatial injustice in your environment.

References

Theoretical Framework

Collin Yarbrough & Janille Smith-Colin (18 Nov 2025): Infrastructure (in)Justice: a multi-scalar framework and review of epistemic, restorative, and reparative justice dimensions, Transport Reviews, DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2025.2585037

Case Studies

Brackel, L., Boelens, R., Bruins, B., Doorn, N., & Pesch, U. (2023). People in PowerPoint pixels: Competing justice claims and scalar politics in water development planning. Political Geography, 107, 102974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2023.102974 ⇒ Cool theoretical information

Kimble, M. (2024). City Limits: Infrastructure, Inequality, and the Future of America’s Highways. Crown, 368 pages.

Smeds, E., Robin, E., & McArthur, J. (2020). Night-time mobilities and (in)justice in London: Constructing mobile subjects and the politics of difference in policy-making. Journal of Transport Geography, 82, 102569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102569

U.S. Government Accountability Office (2024). https://www.gao.gov/blog/funding-and-programs-meant-help-tribes-may-not-be-reaching-them

In this episode we are looking at theories about technological innovation to better understand the currently ongoing transition of our energy system. We discuss relevant components of the new energy system, political drivers and barriers, and hypothesize about what our energy system might look like in the future.

References

AG Energiebilanzen e.V. (2025). Energy consumption in Germany in 2024. Available at: https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/wp-content/uploads/AGEB_Jahresbericht2024_20250815_en.pdf

Meyer, T. (2024) Strom. Über Nostalgie, Zukunft und warum der Markt längst entschieden hat. ISBN: 9 783 769 351224

Innovation Curves

Rogers, E.M. (2003) Diffusion of Innovations, 5th Edition. Free Press, New York.

Howaldt, J., Kopp, R., Schwarz, M. (2025). Diffusion of Innovation. In: Schulz-Schaeffer, I., Windeler, A., Blättel-Mink, B. (eds) Handbook of Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25143-6_33-1

Foster, R.N. (1986) Innovation. Die technologische Offensive. 1st edition. Gabler Verlag Wiesbaden.

Multi-Level Perspective

Geels, Frank. (2024). The Multi-Level Perspective on Sustainability Transitions: Background, overview, and current research topics. 10.33774/coe-2024-c15gb.

Learning curves (incl. Graphic)

Roser, M. (2023) Learning curves: What does it mean for a technology to follow Wright's Law? Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20251125-173858/learning-curve.html'

Current state of the energy transition

Brucksch, J., Figgener, J., Hecht, C., Sauer, D.W. (2026) Germany adds 6.57 GWh of battery storage capacity in 2025, total capacity hits 24 GWh. https://www.ess-news.com/2026/01/09/germany-adds-6-57-gwh-of-battery-storage-capacity-in-2025-total-capacity-hits-24-gwh/

Deshaies, M. (2026). The German Energiewende: A Green Deal Template or Planned Failure?. In: Henrekson, M., Sandström, C., Stenkula, M. (eds) A Green Entrepreneurial State?. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-15512-2_7

IIGCC (2025). Policy Briefing: EU CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and vans. https://www.iigcc.org/insights/policy-briefing-eu-co2-emission-performance-standards-for-new-passenger-cars-and-vans?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Schill, W.-P., Aichner, N. & Roth, A. (2026) Favorable conditions allow accelearting the renewable energy transition. DIW Weekly Report 3|2026. https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.994726.de/dwr-26-03.pdf

In this episode we are retracing the historic development of the energy systems since earliest civilizations. Our use of energy has always been interrelated with human development, innovation, and progress. By learning about how the energy system has developed alongside human societies, we want to give you some context for the upcoming transition towards decarbonized energy systems.

Main reference

Rutter, P. & Keirstead, J. (2012). A brief history and the possible future of urban energy systems. Energy Policy. Volume 50. Pages 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.072

Additional references

Syvitski et al. (2020). Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch. Communications Earth & Environment. Volume 1, Article number: 32. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00029-y

Fizaine, F. & Court, V. (2016). Energy expenditure, economic growth, and the minimum EROI of society. Energy Policy. Volume 95. Pages 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.039

What is “infrastructure”? Is it limited to roads, bridges, and energy systems or does it extend to ecosystems, care work, and social institutions?

In this opening episode we interrogate the concept of infrastructure from different perspectives. Moving beyond conventional definitions, we explore infrastructure as a system that is not only physical but also relational, institutional, and deeply embedded in human life.

Drawing on insights from systems theory, anthropology, and political economy, we discussion the expanding scope of infrastructure to include green (natural) systems and social reproduction processes.

References

Larkin, B. (2013). The politics and poetics of infrastructure. Annual Review of Anthropology, 42, 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092412-155522

Kanoi, L., Koh, V., Lim, A., Yamada, S., & Dove, M. R. (2022). What is infrastructure? What does it do? Anthropological perspectives on the workings of infrastructure(s). Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, 2(1), 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ac4429

Silva, J. M. C. da, & Wheeler, E. (2017). Ecosystems as infrastructure. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 15(1), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2016.11.005

O'Sullivan, K.C., Olin, C.V., Pierse, N., Howden-Chapman, P. (2023). Housing: the key infrastructure to achieving health & wellbeing in urban environments. Oxford Open Infrastructure and Helath, Volume 1, 2023, ouad001, https://doi.org/10.1093/ooih/ouad001

Claims

Unpaid care work in the UK is valued at 1 trillion GBP:

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/oct/03/british-people-do-more-than-1-trillion-of-housework-each-year-unpaid

In this episode we give a brief overview of what we will cover in the podcast.

If you have questions or feedback, please direct them to:

[email protected]