Ingest

By PCSG

Dr Charlie Andrews, a GP from Bath and PCSG Committee Member, explores a range of gastroenterology topics from a GPs perspective. The focus of the series covers when to suspect, how to diagnose, when ... more

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How many episodes does Ingest have?

The podcast currently has 31 episodes available.

Ingest episodes:

June 09, 2025The Microbiome, Our Health and Wellbeing
Dr Charlie Andrews talks to Dr James Kinross, PhD, FRCS
Dr. Kinross is a senior lecturer in surgery at Imperial College in London.
He is also a practicing colorectal surgeon in the NHS with a clinical interest in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. He leads a team of amazing researchers working to better define how the microbiome causes cancer and other chronic diseases of the gut.
He is increasingly interested in how the gut microbiome develops in newborn babies and the implications on our long-term health.
He is the author of the well know book DARK MATTER.
Here are the key learnings for primary care on the microbiome from the attached transcript of the Ingest podcast with James Kinross:
Key Learnings for Primary Care on the Microbiome
1. What the Microbiome Is and Why It Matters
Definition: The microbiome is the collection of all microscopic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.) and the environment they inhabit within a specific niche in the body, such as the gut, skin, or lungs.
Symbiosis: The microbiome has a symbiotic relationship with the host, evolved over millennia. It is not static but dynamic and changes throughout life.
Personalization: Each person’s microbiome is unique, impacting how individuals respond to treatments and develop diseases[1].
2. Microbiome Development and Early Life
Early Colonization: The microbiome starts developing in utero, influenced by the mother’s microbiome, and is further shaped by birth route, breastfeeding, and early environmental exposures.
Critical Window: Early life is a critical period for microbiome development. Disruption, especially through antibiotic use, can have long-term effects on immune system development and disease risk[1].
Antibiotics Impact: Repeated or broad-spectrum antibiotic use in early life can lead to persistent changes in the microbiome, increasing the risk of immune-mediated diseases (e.g., allergies, asthma, eczema), obesity, and other non-communicable diseases[1].
3. Microbiome and the Immune System
Immune Regulation: The microbiome plays a crucial role in shaping both the innate and adaptive immune systems. It influences how the body recognizes and responds to threats.
Disease Risk: Early disruption of the microbiome can increase susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, allergies, and chronic conditions later in life.
Gene-Environment-Microbiome Interaction: Disease risk is not just about genes and environment but also involves the microbiome (GEM interaction), which is highly personalized and dynamic[1].
4. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Diet
Probiotics: There is evidence supporting the use of probiotics, especially multi-strain, high-dose formulations, during and after antibiotic courses. However, probiotics must be taken consistently for weeks to have an effect.
Prebiotics and Diet: Feeding the microbiome with a high-fiber, plant-based diet is crucial for maintaining a healthy gut ecosystem. Processed foods and sugary drinks should be minimized, especially during illness or antibiotic treatment[1].
Practical Advice: Clinicians should recommend probiotics and dietary changes as part of a holistic approach to gut health, but the evidence for specific strains is still evolving[1].
5. Microbiome Testing
Direct-to-Consumer Testing: Online microbiome tests are not currently recommended due to lack of standardization, robust interpretation, and actionable outcomes.
Clinical Use: Microbiome analysis is best used in a targeted, clinical context, interpreted by specialists, and as part of a longitudinal assessment rather than a one-off snapshot[1].
6. Future Directions and Interventions
Probiotic Formularies: The development of evidence-based probiotic formularies will help guide clinical use.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): FMT is currently approved for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection but may have a broader role in the future for other conditions, with more targeted and capsule-based delivery methods.
Postbiotics and Synthetic Biology: Emerging therapies include postbiotics (microbial metabolites) and engineered microbes for targeted treatments, though these are still in development[1].
7. Complexity and Clinical Action
Superorganism Concept: Humans are superorganisms, with the vast majority of genetic material in our bodies being microbial.
Clinical Translation: While the microbiome is complex and still being understood, it is increasingly relevant to clinical practice, particularly in managing non-communicable diseases and guiding personalized treatments[1].
Summary Table
TopicKey Points for Primary CareMicrobiome BasicsDynamic, symbiotic, unique to each person, influences health and diseaseEarly Life & AntibioticsCritical window for development, antibiotics can have long-term effectsImmune SystemShapes immune responses, affects disease risk, GEM interaction modelProbiotics & DietMulti-strain probiotics, high-fiber diet, avoid processed foodsMicrobiome TestingNot recommended direct-to-consumer, best used clinically and longitudinallyFuture InterventionsProbiotic formularies, FMT, postbiotics, engineered microbesComplexityHumans are superorganisms, microbiome is a major part of health
These insights highlight the importance of considering the microbiome in primary care decision-making, especially regarding antibiotic stewardship, diet, and personalized patient management[1].
Sources
[1] transcript-The-Microbiome-Our-Health-and-Wellbeing.pdf
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39min
April 15, 2025Neuroendocrine Cancer – The Expert Patient
The episode features Dr. David Bartlett, a retired GP and neuroendocrine cancer patient, offering a dual perspective as both clinician and patient.
Key Learnings from this episode.
Patient Experience and Diagnostic Challenges
Dr. Bartlett’s symptoms began with severe, intermittent abdominal pain, starting in 2001, but he did not seek medical help for several years due to a combination of stoicism, not wanting to trouble others, and a belief in the commonality of benign causes.
Over 15 years, he experienced repeated misdiagnoses, primarily being labeled as having irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) despite atypical features (severe pain, minimal bowel habit change, and no systemic symptoms).
Multiple opinions and investigations (including ultrasounds and CT scans) failed to identify the underlying cause, with a key scan being misread by local radiologists.
The correct diagnosis of a small bowel neuroendocrine tumour was only made after a tertiary centre re-examined previous scans, highlighting the importance of specialist review and persistence in unexplained cases.
Clinical Red Flags and Symptomatology
Dr. Bartlett’s case underscores that neuroendocrine tumors can present with isolated, severe abdominal pain without classic red flags (vomiting, weight loss, significant bowel changes)[1].
He retrospectively identified subtle signs of carcinoid syndrome (flushing, one episode of profound diarrhoea, and skin changes), which are present in only about 10% of small bowel neuroendocrine tumour cases.
The lack of awareness about neuroendocrine tumors, even among experienced clinicians, contributed to the diagnostic delay[1].
Lessons for Primary Care and Clinicians
The story illustrates the risk of anchoring on common diagnoses (like IBS) and the need to reconsider the diagnosis when symptoms are severe, persistent, or atypical.
It highlights the value of listening to the patient’s narrative, especially when symptoms do not fit classic patterns, and the importance of considering rare conditions in the differential diagnosis.
The episode emphasises the need for ongoing education about neuroendocrine tumours and the importance of keeping rare but serious conditions on the diagnostic radar in primary care.
Management Insights
Standard treatment for small bowel neuroendocrine tumours often includes monthly somatostatin analog injections (e.g., lanreotide).
Surgical intervention may be considered, but it carries specific risks such as carcinoid crisis, requiring specialised perioperative management.
The decision for surgery is individualised, weighing potential symptomatic improvement against procedural risks.
Systemic and Human Factors
Dr. Bartlett’s experience reflects how personal traits (stoicism, reluctance to seek help) and systemic issues (misinterpretation of scans, diagnostic inertia) can delay diagnosis.
The narrative also demonstrates the importance of patient advocacy, persistence, and the value of second (or third) opinions, especially in complex or unresolved cases.
Educational Value
The episode serves as a reminder for clinicians to maintain a broad differential, revisit diagnoses when the clinical picture changes, and to be aware of their own cognitive biases.
It also advocates for the inclusion of patient voices in medical education to better understand the lived experience and challenges of rare diseases like neuroendocrine cancer.
Summary Table: Key Learnings
ThemeKey PointsDiagnostic Delay15 years from symptom onset to diagnosis; misdiagnosed as IBS despite atypical featuresSymptomatologySevere, intermittent abdominal pain; minimal bowel changes; subtle carcinoid syndromeClinical LessonsImportance of specialist review, reconsidering diagnoses, and listening to patient storiesManagementUse of somatostatin analogs; surgery considered but with specific risksSystemic FactorsImpact of stoicism, misread scans, and diagnostic inertiaEducational TakeawayNeed for awareness of rare conditions and patient-centered education
These insights from the transcript highlight the complexities of diagnosing and managing neuroendocrine cancer, especially in primary care, and the critical role of patient experience in improving clinical practice.
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44min
March 25, 2025Pancreatic Conditions Part 2 – Malignant
Dr Charlie Andrews talks to Dr John Leeds. John Leeds is a Consultant Pancreaticobiliary Physician and Endoscopist based at the Freeman Hospital in Newcastle and an Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer based in the Population Health Sciences Institute at Newcastle University. He is involved in research in pancreaticobiliary disorders including benign and malignant conditions as well as outcomes from therapeutic/advanced endoscopy.
John is a member of the British Society of Gastroenterology and Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. He serves on the endoscopy and Pancreas committees for BSG and is the website lead for PSGBI.
He is also a founder member of the BSG Pancreas Clinical Research Group which is coordinating research for the society.
Key Learnings from this episode:
Challenges in Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer
• Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the deep location of the pancreas and the lack of early symptoms.
• Tumors in the body and tail of the pancreas can grow significantly before causing symptoms, often invading major arteries or veins, making them inoperable.
• Tumors in the head of the pancreas may present earlier due to bile duct obstruction, leading to jaundice, but even these are often detected late.
Early Symptoms and Red Flags
• Early symptoms are vague or absent, making early diagnosis difficult.
• Possible early indicators include:
• Weight loss (often a sign of advanced disease).
• New-onset diabetes, particularly in individuals with a normal BMI or without typical risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
• Jaundice, which is a significant red flag and often indicates a serious underlying condition.
• Classic signs like painless jaundice and Courvoisier’s sign (palpable gallbladder) are important but not always present.
Limitations of Current Screening Methods
• There is no reliable biomarker or screening test for pancreatic cancer:
• CA19-9 is not suitable as a screening tool due to its lack of specificity (elevated in other conditions).
• Imaging techniques like CT scans or MRIs are used but have limitations, including incidental findings that may lead to unnecessary anxiety (“scanxiety”) and over-investigation.
• Screening is currently limited to high-risk groups, such as those with familial pancreatic cancer syndromes or hereditary pancreatitis.
High-Risk Groups for Screening
• Familial pancreatic cancer accounts for less than 10% of cases. Criteria for screening include:
• Multiple family members with pancreatic cancer, especially diagnosed under age 50–60.
• Genetic syndromes like BRCA mutations, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
• Hereditary pancreatitis patients have an increased risk but are harder to screen due to pre-existing pancreatic abnormalities.
Emerging Research and Future Directions
• Studies are exploring potential biomarkers, such as microbiome signatures in the pancreas, which might help identify high-risk individuals in the future.
• Trials like the EuroPAC study focus on surveillance protocols for high-risk individuals using imaging techniques like MRI or endoscopic ultrasound.
• Research into new-onset diabetes as a potential marker for pancreatic cancer is ongoing but currently has a low yield due to the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes unrelated to malignancy.
Considerations for Screening and Surveillance
• Screening should be carefully targeted to avoid over-diagnosis and unnecessary investigations.
• The psychological impact of screening (e.g., anxiety from incidental findings) must be considered.
• Smoking cessation is emphasized as smoking is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
Advances in Treatment Approaches
• PET-CT scans are increasingly used to detect systemic disease that might not be evident on standard CT scans.
• Neoadjuvant treatments (therapy before surgery) are being explored for cases where systemic spread is suspected.
Conclusion
Pancreatic cancer remains challenging to detect early due to vague symptoms and limited screening tools. Current efforts focus on identifying high-risk groups for targeted surveillance and advancing research into biomarkers and new diagnostic strategies. Early detection remains critical for improving outcomes, but significant barriers persist.
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44min
March 12, 2025 Pancreatic Conditions Part 1 – Benign
Dr Charlie Andrews talks to Dr John Leeds. John Leeds is a Consultant Pancreaticobiliary Physician and Endoscopist based at the Freeman Hospital in Newcastle and an Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer based in the Population Health Sciences Institute at Newcastle University. He is involved in research in pancreaticobiliary disorders including benign and malignant conditions as well as outcomes from therapeutic/advanced endoscopy.
John is a member of the British Society of Gastroenterology and Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. He serves on the endoscopy and Pancreas committees for BSG and is the website lead for PSGBI.
He is also a founder member of the BSG Pancreas Clinical Research Group which is coordinating research for the society.
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1h 9min
February 09, 2025IBS Part 2 – Management
Charlie Andrews talks to Dr Chris Black about the management of IBS.
This podcast provides key insights into managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), emphasising a multidisciplinary and individualised approach to care. Here are the main takeaways:
1. Multidisciplinary and Integrative Care
IBS management requires a holistic, patient-centered approach involving dietitians, behavioral therapists, and gastroenterologists. This "team sport" approach expands treatment options and tailors care to individual patient needs1.
Integrative care, which combines dietary, psychological, and medical interventions, has been shown to improve symptoms, psychological well-being, and quality of life for IBS patients1.
2. Personalised Treatment
IBS is not a one-size-fits-all condition. There are different subtypes of IBS (e.g., IBS-D for diarrhea-predominant or IBS-C for constipation-predominant), and treatment must be customized based on the patient's symptoms and triggers4.
Emerging research suggests the need to identify distinct subtypes of IBS to guide more effective treatments24.
3. Dietary Management
The low FODMAP diet is a widely recommended dietary intervention for IBS. It helps identify food triggers and manage symptoms but should not be used long-term without personalization3.
Probiotics may also play a role in symptom relief for some patients, though their effectiveness varies3.
4. Behavioral Interventions
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and gut-directed hypnotherapy are effective in managing IBS symptoms, particularly when patients are motivated to engage in these therapies1.
Stress management is critical since stress and anxiety can exacerbate IBS symptoms15.
5. Pharmacological Therapies
Medications are often used as complementary treatments when dietary or behavioral strategies alone are insufficient. These include antispasmodics, laxatives, or medications targeting gut-brain interaction15.
Precision medicine is the future of pharmacological treatment, aiming to match therapies with the underlying causes of an individual's symptoms rather than just addressing the symptoms themselves1.
6. Challenges in IBS Management
One of the most distressing symptoms for patients is bowel urgency, significantly impacting their quality of life. Research is ongoing to better understand and manage this symptom24.
Pain management remains a critical area for improvement, as existing treatments often provide inadequate relief for abdominal pain and gut hypersensitivity in IBS patients24.
7. Patient Education and Collaboration
Educating patients about the trial-and-error nature of IBS treatment helps set realistic expectations and reduces frustration when initial interventions do not work1.
Shared decision-making between healthcare providers and patients ensures that treatment plans align with patient preferences and lifestyle.
In summary, effective IBS management combines personalized care with dietary, behavioral, and pharmacological strategies within an integrative framework. The podcast underscores the importance of ongoing research to refine treatments and improve outcomes for IBS sufferers.
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46min
November 07, 2024 Abdominal Pain in Children
Charlie Andrews talks to Dr Anthony (Tony) Wisken, Consultant Paediatric Gastroenterologist in Bristol.
The Ingest podcast is hosted by Dr Charlie Andrews a GPwER in gastroenterology based near Bath. Charlie works as a GP partner at Somer Valley Medical Group, trained as an endoscopist and leads the national GPwER in gastroenterology training programme, launched in 2023 in the southwest of England. Charlie is a committee member of the PCSG (Primary Care Society of Gastroenterology). For more information visit pcsg.org.uk
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59min
October 17, 2024 Getting It Right First Time. Gastro Innovation in Northumbria
With significant waiting lists and growing demand for secondary care services, Advice and Guidance is being increasingly explored as one potential solution to this problem.
In this episode, Charlie Andrews discusses an innovative and extremely successful use of advice and guidance in Northumbria with gastroenterologists Matthew Warren and Richard Thomson. Through the enhanced use of advice and guidance for all incoming referrals for secondary care input, they have demonstrated a significant reduction in waiting times for routine outpatient care.
They discuss their advice and guidance model, and what they have learned from developing this service and the impact it has been having on their waiting times, and how it has been received by primary care colleagues (3:30). We go on to discuss some common advice and guidance queries that Matt and Richard see (19:30) and I ask the question - what makes a good advice and guidance query? (43.30).
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56min
September 26, 2024IBS Part 1 – Diagnosis
Key takeaways from the IBS Part 1 episode of the PCSG Ingest podcast:
Diagnosis of IBS
The episode is focused on making a diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)and features Dr. Anton Emmanuel, a consultant gastroenterologist and Professor of neuro-gastroenterology at University College Hospital London.
Importance for Primary Care
IBS is a common condition that primary care clinicians need to have a structured approach to diagnosing.
Topics Covered
Causes of IBS
Different subtypes of IBS
Challenges in making a positive diagnosis
Clinical Pearls
Dr. Emmanuel shares several insights:
Key questions to include in the patient history
How to describe the condition to patients
Practical tips for enhancing IBS diagnosis in primary care
Diagnostic Approach
The episode emphasises the importance of:
Taking a structured approach to diagnosis
Understanding the various presentations of IBS
Recognizing the challenges in making a definitive diagnosis
Patient Communication
Guidance is provided on:
Explaining IBS to patients effectively
Addressing patient concerns and misconceptions
Additional Resources
The episode mentions useful guidance from the British Society of Gastroenterology, which listeners were encouraged to reference for more detailed information. Part 2 focusing on the management of IBS to be released soon.
bsg.org.uk/clinical-resource/british-society-of-gastroenterology-guidelines
The Ingest podcast is hosted by Dr Charlie Andrews a GPwER in gastroenterology based near Bath. Charlie works as a GP partner at Somer Valley Medical Group, trained as an endoscopist and leads the national GPwER in gastroenterology training programme, launched in 2023 in the southwest of England. Charlie is a committee member of the PCSG (Primary Care Society of Gastroenterology). For more information visit pcsg.org.uk
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43min
August 09, 2024High Iron Levels (hyperferritinaemia)
Dr Charlie Andrews speaks to Dr Jeremy Shearman about everything related to high iron levels (hyperferritinaemia). We discuss how iron is regulated within the body, causes of raised iron levels, and then we dive into hereditary haemochromatosis - when to suspect, how to test, who to refer (and to whom!), and how the condition is managed.
Useful links to accompany this episode include:
Welcome > Haemochromatosis: genetic iron overload disease (exeter.ac.uk)
Haemochromatosis - British Liver Trust
Key Learnings for Primary Care from the Ingest Podcast on Hyperferritinaemia
Key Learnings
Understanding Iron Regulation and Ferritin
Ferritin is an acute-phase reactant and a marker of total body iron stores, but can be elevated in a range of conditions beyond iron overload, including inflammation, liver disease, and malignancy[2].
Understanding the physiological regulation of iron is crucial for interpreting ferritin results in context.
Causes of Hyperferritinaemia
Raised ferritin can result from:
Hereditary haemochromatosis (genetic iron overload)
Chronic inflammatory states (e.g., infection, autoimmune disease)
Liver disease (e.g., alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis)
Malignancy
Metabolic syndrome
It is important to consider these differential diagnoses when encountering an elevated ferritin[2].
Hereditary Haemochromatosis: When to Suspect
Primary care clinicians should suspect hereditary haemochromatosis in patients with persistently raised ferritin and transferrin saturation, especially with suggestive symptoms (e.g., fatigue, arthralgia, diabetes, liver dysfunction) or family history[2].
Early recognition is key, as treatment can prevent complications.
How to Test
Initial investigations should include:
Repeat ferritin measurement to confirm persistence
Transferrin saturation (TSAT): TSAT >45% is suggestive of iron overload
Liver function tests and assessment for other causes of raised ferritin[2]
If hereditary haemochromatosis is suspected, genetic testing (HFE gene) should be considered.
Who to Refer (and to Whom)
Refer patients with confirmed iron overload (high ferritin and TSAT) or positive HFE mutation to hepatology or a relevant specialist for further assessment and management[2].
Referral is also warranted if there are signs of organ involvement (e.g., abnormal LFTs, diabetes, cardiac symptoms).
Management Principles
For hereditary haemochromatosis, mainstay of treatment is venesection (therapeutic phlebotomy) to reduce iron stores.
Primary care plays a role in monitoring, supporting adherence, and managing comorbidities.
For other causes, management is directed at the underlying condition.
Practical Tips for Primary Care
Do not ignore isolated raised ferritin-always interpret in clinical context.
Exclude common secondary causes (infection, inflammation, liver disease) before pursuing rare diagnoses.
Family screening may be appropriate in hereditary haemochromatosis cases[2].
Use local guidelines and specialist advice where available.
Summary Table: Approach to Hyperferritinaemia in Primary Care
StepAction/ConsiderationConfirm raised ferritinRepeat test; assess for acute illness/inflammationAssess clinical contextSymptoms, family history, risk factorsAdditional testsTransferrin saturation, LFTs, CRP/ESRExclude secondary causesInflammation, liver disease, malignancy, metabolic syndromeSuspect haemochromatosisPersistently high ferritin + TSAT >45% ± symptoms/family historyGenetic testingHFE gene mutation if indicatedReferralTo hepatology/haematology if iron overload or organ involvementManagementVenesection for haemochromatosis; treat underlying cause for secondary hyperferritinaemia
These learnings equip primary care clinicians to approach hyperferritinaemia systematically, ensuring timely diagnosis, appropriate investigation, and effective referral and management[2][5].
Sources
[1] INGEST – PCSG - The Primary Care Society for Gastroenterology https://www.pcsg.org.uk/ingest/
[2] High Iron Levels (hyperferritinaemia) – PCSG https://www.pcsg.org.uk/podcast/high-iron-levels-hyperferritinaemia/
[3] Ingest - The Primary Care Society for Gastroenterology https://www.pcsg.org.uk/feed/podcast/ingest/
[4] Ingest | Podcast on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/365S1VrwrkHmMdTJcVl9eh
[5] High Iron Levels (hyperferritinaemia) - Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/high-iron-levels-hyperferritinaemia/id1605807130?i=1000664825288
[6] Course: Searchable table - RCPE Education Portal https://learning.rcpe.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=1427
[7] Ingest Podcast – Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/at/podcast/ingest/id1605807130
[8] High Iron Levels (hyperferritinaemia) - Ingest | Podcast on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/episode/1lQiNpVAQbEtBKiUVdiKXj
[9] Ingest Trailer - Castos https://ingest.castos.com/episodes/ingest-trailer
[10] Rheumatology-TP 1..2 - Oxford Academic https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/issue-pdf/61/Supplement_1/43461770
[11] Ingest - Podcast Addict https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/ingest/4281648
[12] Diverticular disease and diverticulitis - Ingest - Castos https://ingest.castos.com/episodes/diverticular-disease-and-diverticulitis
[13] Untitled https://www.audible.in/podcast/Ingest/episodes/B09QTRKTPN
[14] Intensive Care Society State of the Art (SOA) 2022 Abstracts, 2023 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17511437231156066
[15] Ingest - Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/ch/podcast/ingest/id1605807130
[16] Ingest - Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ingest/id1605807130
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40min
June 27, 2024 Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
In this episode, Charlie Andrews speaks to Melanie Orchard, a consultant surgeon, about diverticular disease and diverticulitis. This is something that we encounter frequently in primary care, and understanding how to approach this condition is extremely important.
Melanie discusses a really pragmatic approach to patients with symptoms suggestive of diverticulitis. We discuss risk factors, presenting features, and how to assess the patient with suspected diverticulitis. We also discuss the difference between diverticulosis, diverticular disease and diverticulitis, and give you useful tips on what advice to give to patients who has just had a colonoscopy showing that they have diverticulosis.
For a useful visual summary of the management of patients with diverticulosis and diverticulitis, please follow this link: visual-summary-pdf-6968965213 (nice.org.uk)
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23min

FAQs about Ingest:

How many episodes does Ingest have?

The podcast currently has 31 episodes available.