The scientific, ethical, and legal challenges surrounding facial recognition technology, specifically focusing on racial bias and misidentification. A technical research paper details how algorithmic accuracy fluctuates based on demographics and image quality, emphasizing that systemic errors often intensify as tasks become more difficult. This theoretical framework is punctuated by the real-world case of Angela Lipps, a Tennessee grandmother wrongfully imprisoned for months after an AI error linked her to a crime in North Dakota. Other documented cases, such as those involving Harvey Murphy Jr. and Rite Aid, further illustrate the severe human costs and legal liabilities resulting from unreliable biometric matches. Together, the texts advocate for stricter regulatory oversight, independent corroboration, and enhanced training to prevent technology from overriding due process.