of the 6.3 million children under the age of five who died in 2013, 44% (2.761 million) were neonates (defined as age 0-28 days). Over the past decade, neonatal mortality decreased at an annual rate of 2.9% compared to 4.9% in children aged 1-59 months. This smaller reduction in under-five mortality (U5M) among neonates is a significant contributor to the worldwide failure to achieve Millennium Developmental Goal 4 this year. Reducing global neonatal mortality through prevention and treatment programs in low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC), where nearly all U5M occurs, is a high priority among global child survival agendas.