Inside Education - a podcast for educators interested in teaching

By Sean Delaney

An Irish perspective on education for all who value teaching... more

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The podcast currently has 316 episodes available.

Inside Education - a podcast for educators interested in teaching episodes:

September 15, 2025Podcast 436, Dr. Conall Ó Breacháin on Teacher Agency and Curriculum Change (15-9-25)
My guest on this podcast is Dr. Conall Ó Breacháin from the School of Language, Literacy and Early Childhood Education in Dublin City University. Among the topics we discuss in this episode are:
Differences between 1999 language curricula and the 2016 language curriculum in Ireland (e.g. focus on plurilingualism and the transfer of skills is a noticeable difference in emphasis in the redeveloped curriculum, broad learning outcomes versus learning objectives in 1999). He refers to the work of Jim Cummins who featured on Inside Education in Episode 15 and Episode 16.
How learning one language can help the learning of another.
Was there a need to change the 1999 curriculum when “it was working fine”?
Finding the right degree of innovation in curriculum change.
The importance of providing teachers with a timeline for proposed change and a plan for how teachers will be supported around the change.
Why teachers typically don’t ask for curriculum change.
The most underrated ideas in the redeveloped language curriculum – digital literacy? Plurilingualism?
What is meant by the term “knowledgeability,” a term used by Anthony Giddens
What teacher agency is.
The difference between teacher agency and teacher autonomy
A practical example of teacher agency applied to a problem of teaching reading
Agency is a conceptual framework to understand how people act in the structures within which they are acting.
Ethical and unethical agency
Challenges of measuring agency
Questions Conall still has about teacher agency
How teachers can influence one another in their practice
Changing the culture of a school and the role of leadership (wherever it comes from)
“Connecting” to a curriculum (current or previous)
Associating curriculum with accountability.
Analogy: Changing curriculum is like servicing an airplane mid-flight – “It’s not like [teachers] get a six-month sabbatical to get their heads around” a new curriculum before implementing it.
The process of writing the dissertation
Gert Biesta (qualification, socialisation and subjectification) on Inside Education 356 and Inside Education 357.
Catherine Snow on Inside Education 184 and Inside Education 185.
Nell Duke
Ciaran Sugrue Curriculum and Ideology
The difference between educating pre-service and practising teachers.
We Cut Corners (http://wecutcorners.net/)
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57min
March 10, 2025Podcast 435, Dr. Claire Dunne on Teaching Irish (10-3-25)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
My guest on the podcast today is my colleague, Dr. Claire Dunne, from the Marino Institute of Education. Among the topics we discussed were:
Why learning another language gives you another window on the world.
Why literacy is crucial for those who speak minoritised languages so that they can have widespread access to texts in the language.
Why should people learn Irish, when in most cases it is not required for communication purposes?
What the Irish language has in common with Cant and Irish Sign Language.
How older people in Wales are incentivised to learn Welsh and share it with younger people.
People’s favourite memories of learning Irish (including creative applications, the arts and the relationship with the teacher).
The positive impact parents can have in showing an interest in a child’s learning of Irish
Setting targets for what you want to learn in the language (e.g. tell a joke, sing a song)
Identifying good practice in the teaching of Irish (e.g. board games, more time in the yard)
Resources are available from An tÁisaonad in Belfast.
The importance of practitioners sharing with each other experiences of what works [in the teaching of Irish].
Resources available on COGG (including the report on good practice in the teaching of Irish).
The importance of giving older children responsibility as a way to motivate their interest in the language; give them a reason to improve their Irish.
More suggestions: Going to the Gaeltacht for a night; starting a reading club in Irish.
Universal Design for Learning contrasted with differentiating learning.
Different ways to practise teaching language related to clothes.
Handbook titled “An Ghaeilge do gach duine” based on the principles of engagement, representation and expression in multiple ways.
Drawing inspiration from textbooks published in the past for inclusive teaching of Irish today.
The first all-Irish school was set up by Luíse Ghabhánach Ní Dhufaigh and Áine Nic Aoidh and was innovative in using continuous assessment, writing their own textbooks and in emphasising health and wellness. Role plays, games and visual aids were also present in many Irish-language publications of the time. Recommendations to commit to memory stories and poems were common in the publications for teachers; this was good where the material to be memorised was relevant, useful and meaningful.
Early publishers of books and pamphlets in supporting the Irish language are named and she notes the importance of the establishment of An Gúm in 1926.
The development of Irish-language immersion education in schools from 1917 onwards. All infant-classes were to practise immersion education for the first decades of the new state.
The importance of motivating students to want to learn Irish.
The benefits of multiple representations to help children learn new vocabulary
Why adaptations to assessments might be preferable to granting exemptions from studying Irish to students with learning disabilities.
The relevance of learning Irish in an era of translation software and large language models.
Nell Noddings
Find resources created by Claire (and others) on the COGG website.
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1h
December 24, 2024Inside Education 434, History of Model Schools with Joe Doyle (24-12-24)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
On this week's episode, we delve into the history of Irish education in the 1800s to learn about an ambitious attempt to educate teachers by co-locating theory and practice. We look at the rise and fall of model schools as a means of teacher training. My guest is retired primary school teacher and principal, Dr. Joe Doyle who recently published Model Schools - Model Teachers? A nineteenth-century Irish teacher-training initiative.
Among the topics we cover are:
Being prompted to study the topic by William Murphy, a fellow member of Dúchas – the Tullaherin Heritage Society that produces a journal titled In the Shadow of the Steeple.
Being bowled over by the amount of information that was available to access in the National Archives of Ireland.
He chose history as his academic subject when he studied for the Bachelor of Education degree in the early 1990s (a truncated course awarded to those who had the National Teacher (NT) qualification before the B.Ed. degree was introduced).
His first scholarly foray into history and education was an account of education in the Thomastown area in the nineteenth century.
Having expressed interest in pursuing his studies in the history of education, he was invited to meet with the late Professor John Coolahan, previously a guest on episode 10 and episode 253 to discuss the matter.
His initial interest was in Kilkenny schools which had landlord patronage in the 1800s. However, Professor Coolahan persuaded him to pursue what he saw as a more fruitful topic, about cooperation in Kilkenny school management between 1831 and 1870.
Winning a millennium scholarship in St. Patrick’s College where he was advised by Professor James Kelly on the topic of model schools.
What model schools in Ireland were (built in the 1840s, 1850s and 1860s). They consisted of 19 District Model Schools, 7 Minor Model Schools and 3 others: the central model school, West Dublin, and Inchicore. The central model school was a fully fledged institution for preparing teachers but a wider network was needed to achieve the aim of preparing sufficient teachers for the entire national school system. They combined teacher education with education of young schoolchildren.
The Kildare Place Society received Government grant aid from 1811 on the basis that one of their principles was that they were there for people of all religions. They provided short courses for practising teachers, who would previously had had minimal preparation for their roles.
The Kildare Place Society was promoting the (quite rigid) Monitorial system developed by Joseph Lancaster. Training took place for implementing that system and for organisation and keeping school records.
This was a system whereby one teacher, assisted by capable pupils, could supervise up to 500 children.
Hedge schools mostly taught the three Rs and did not have Irish although some variations may have been present.
He refers to Brennan’s Schools of Kildare and Leighlin.
Here is a link to a talk by Dr. Antonia McManus on hedge schools in Ireland and here is a link to a book she wrote on the topic.
The difference between district model schools and minor model schools (the latter did not have student teachers in residence there).
The retention rate of teachers who were prepared in model schools was around 30%. The pay was poor and many of the students used it as a way of getting a good intermediate education and went on to work in the civil service or in a bank.
More presybyterians and Anglican teachers than Roman Catholic teachers were prepared.
He acknowledges the work of Emmet Larkin in understanding the Catholic Church in the nineteenth century.
Archbishop Paul Cullen initially focused on sorting out problems among Roman Catholic clergy in the Dublin Diocese before becoming interested in the model schools. He was opposed to the model schools because they were non-denominational.
From 1863, any Catholic trained in a model school would not be employed in a national school under Catholic management.
Some information about the Powis commission is available on pages 22-23 of this doctoral thesis.
How preparation of Catholic and Protestant teachers became segregated in Ireland.
A description of a typical day for student teachers in a model school.
Sources of information for the history of Irish education: Annual Reports (include a section on model schools), Government inquiries late 1830s on the practical working of the National System), 1854 (substantial report), 1870 (Powis Commission – 10 volumes; report and minutes of evidence and statistical part). ED1 reports – initial applications for setting up national schools). ED2 reports (registers – dealings of Board of Education with individual schools – a lot of detail when things go wrong); ED9 reports (specific reports that arose between the school and the Board of Education); ED3 files used to report on model schools. All in the National Archives. Minutes of commissioners’ of national education and kept in the manuscript room of the National library. The minutes generally are a bit formulaic. Some national schools still have their own records.
The experience of working as a research student supervised by Professor John Coolahan.
Irish Education: Its history and structure by John Coolahan.
The Irish Education Experiment by Donald Akenson.
Joe’s book is titled Model schools – model teachers? A nineteenth-century Irish teacher-training initiative.
The dust jacket of the book was designed by Terry Bannon and it was printed by Naas Printing.
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1h 9min
December 19, 2024Inside Education 433, Professor Sonia Cabell on Literacy Education in the Early Years and More (17-12-24)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
On this week's podcast I speak to Professor Sonia Cabell who is an associate professor of Reading Education in the School of Teacher Education and the Florida Center for Reading Research at Florida State University. She was a keynote speaker at the Literacy Association of Ireland conference on 9 November 2024. Among the topics we discussed are the following:
How Marcia Invernizzi, co-author of Words their Way introduced her to the idea of doing a doctorate.
Laura Justice was her dissertation adviser.
She became interested in preventing reading difficulties through interventions in the pre-school to second grade years.
More teachers today are consulting original research on literacy than twenty or twenty-five years ago. “If you know better, then you do better.”
Teacher education programmes frequently don’t teach student teachers how to consume research.
An important trait for teachers to develop is to be curious about what the evidence says about “this” practice and being open to what the evidence says as reported in trusted journals that translate the research well.
She recommends The Reading Teacher and The Reading League Journal as sources of accessible reliable information for teachers.
She likes Scholastic’s The Science of Reading in Practice series.
Don’t make one person a guru. Listen to different voices and compare them.
Jeanne Chall refers to the transition of “learning to read to reading to learn” as a stage of development and not as a way to intervene (in the teaching of reading).
A good eight-year-old reader would be decoding fluently (their grasp of the alphabetic code continues to increase) so they can focus their attention on what the text means and they should be continuing to develop fluency in their oral reading.
Scarborough’s Reading Rope.
Strands of language comprehension: Background knowledge, perceptive and expressive vocabulary, verbal reasoning (inferential thinking and abstract thinking), language structures (syntax), and literacy knowledge (understanding different kinds of genres).
John Guthrie’s work on Concept-Oriented Reading Instruction.
James S. Kim of Harvard University and his (Model of Reading Engagement) MORE assessment.
The inextricable link between knowledge and oral language skills and can be built together in young children.
In the interactive read-aloud context you are exposing children to the formal language of books, which is critical because of the formal language structure of books (syntax and vocabulary).
How to Teach Your Baby to Read By Glenn Doman.
Self productivity by Cunha and Heckman.
It’s not just where you start in pre-school that counts but the rate of skill growth in oral language and decoding and subsequent writing; skills beget skills in early literacy.
“Our ability to read becomes really stable, really early.”
“There is power in setting the stage and setting the stage early.”
She would like to see all teachers, including early years teachers, getting the respect and professionalism they deserve
Her realisation of the importance of oral language.
The “strive for five” framework, developed with Tricia Zucker. How do we help teachers have conversations with students that are meaningful and that expand students’ language in ways.
Teacher asks an open-ended question (turn 1)
Student responds
Teacher can scaffold upwards and provide more challenge through another question or scaffolds downwards, and use an either/or question or similar. This third step is the most critical turn in the sequence.
Student responds
Teacher wraps it up
Revoicing
Phrase “Strive for Five” was coined by David Dickinson
When implementing the CHAT programme (Children and Teachers together led by Laura Justice) When teachers tried to become conversationally responsive partners, teachers could change some aspects of their language use but the things that were more difficult to change were some of the most important aspects that needed to change.
The Learning Language and Loving It program from The Hanen Center.
Pre-K on My Way from Scholastic.
When you give children and teachers something to talk about, you can build their language more easily.
Science lends itself to disciplinary language and to meaningful ideas.
Promotion of comprehension is all in children’s oral language skills.
Both knowledge and comprehension strategies are important. Monitoring comprehension is also important.
It is important for parents to read to children and to talk about what they’re reading and viewing things together.
We learn language through warm and responsive relationship. This applies in the home and in school (especially in the early grades). Dr. Bob Pianta has studied this area. He created the classroom assessment scoring system. The interactions must be combined with explicit literacy teaching.
How mothers’ impact on literacy has been studied more than the impact of fathers.
Criteria she uses when selecting texts to read aloud in school: Begin with your purpose (e.g. building knowledge and language).
Why she likes The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein and The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis.
How she carries out her (mostly quantitative) research: randomised control trials (Core knowledge language arts programme Tricia Zucker from the University of Texas), observational studies, and survey research. How she organises a randomised control trial in education.
Her research is funded by the Institute of Education Sciences. Other sources of funding in the United States include the National Institutes of Health and the National Science foundation.
Who educational research is for and how it helps.
Research in early years literacy today needs to go beyond what works to why it works and who it works for.
A researcher shouldn’t be trying to prove themselves right but to prove themselves wrong.
Shayne Piasta, Ohio State University suggests having a journal of null effects.
Writing is central to what she does. She feels like she has not worked for a day until she has pushed forward a manuscript for publication. If it’s about finding time to write, it will never happen! She is a writer as part of what she does and she builds around that. She stacks meetings and schedules no meetings before noon.
She was influenced by the work of Linnea Ehri and Susan Neuman.
This article about the impact of a content rich literacy curriculum is now available freely online.
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1h 12min
October 01, 2024Inside Education 432, Children's Voice and Public Speaking with Siobhán Keenan Fitzgerald (1-10-24)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
This week on the podcast I speak again to Dr. Siobhán Keenan Fitzgerald whose book Listen: How Child and Student Voice Can Change the World has just been published by Routledge. Among the topics we discussed are:
Among the topics were discussed were:
Connecting to a network of Changemaker schools
Getting interested in outdoor education inspired by a colleague who did Forest school training.
Travelling as part of the Erasmus+ programme.
Learning about peer mediation and the Student Council in Donabate Educate Together National School.
The process of becoming recognised as a changemaker school.
Studying for a doctorate on public speaking in primary school (focusing on self-efficacy and vocabulary development). She used the work of Albert Bandura.
The paucity of research on public speaking in primary schools.
The connection between children expressing their voices and public speaking
Children have opportunities to practise public speaking in team sports settings, in church and in school-related events (e.g. science fair).
How teachers already recognise student voice in their classrooms (e.g. taking children’s interests and likes into account, in discussions, circle-time activities, rotating class-captain roles, and in choosing pedagogies to promote learning).
How Siobhán’s school developed the role of play leader, that rotates weekly. Play leaders keep an eye out for younger children, to bring out equipment at break times and ensure it is distributed fairly, push younger children on the swings, and helping children sort out issues themselves without involving adults.
That which is most personal is most universal – why storytelling is a form of public speaking.
Matthew Dicks and his ideas of “homework for life” and how this might help children find their personal voice.
Limits on children expressing their voice.
Creating a safe space for children speaking in public and involving students in co-creating the rules around it.
Who the book Listen: How child and student voice can change the world is written for.
How those who get to speak publicly tend to be the privileged in society
Shy or reluctant speakers may need additional scaffolding to be encouraged to speak in public. This may include children with speech and language delays or difficulties, children with other additional needs and children for whom English is not their first language.
What she learned from writing the book: finding two extra hours in each day between 6 and 8 a.m.
Teachers who want to write a book: If not you, then who? If not now, then when? Reach out!
The Comfort Crisis, a book by Michael Easter was mentioned.
She mentioned podcasts she likes including The Rethinking Education podcast by James Mannion; The Teach Middle East podcast with Christina Morris; and the Lead the Way podcast with Ann Byrne was mentioned.
School 21 in London
Her YouTube Channel.
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1h 9min
September 22, 2024Inside Education 431, Patrick Burke on Literacy Education and More (22-9-24)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
On this week's programme I am delighted to be joined by Dr. Patrick Burke from Dublin City University's School of Language, Literacy and Early Childhood Education.
Among the topics discussed were:
Differences between the primary school he attended and the school where he began his teaching career.
How he became interested in the teaching of literacy.
Being awarded a fellowship to study at Frostburg State University in 2013-2014.
Working in the Children’s Literature Centre at Frostburg
State-wide bans on children’s books in the United States.
Choosing literature for children (Quirkiness, visuals of picture books, morals (not moralising) and thoughts on the importance of writing quality in children’s literature.
Science of reading about how you research reading and the components and guidance that come from that. Why the science of reading can inform some, not all, of our decisions about teaching reading.
The influence of the science of reading on initial teacher education. The importance of basing decision on research evidence (where it is available).
How teachers develop their professional knowledge: the difference between mandated webinars and those chosen by teachers; allowing for diversity and pluralism in the professional development in-service teachers engage in; social media and professional development; individual versus collaborative approaches to professional development.
Ways to accredit continuous professional development for teachers.
Curriculum integration is influenced by factors such as the subject you’re integrating, whether you start with the subject or with a question. The pre-cursor question concerns what we want children to learn and whether some form of integration will benefit that. Depending on the answer to that question, curriculum integration may or may not be a good thing. Publications: https://ncca.ie/media/6370/conceptualising-curriculum-integration.pdf (Report) and the annexes summarising studies are here: https://ncca.ie/media/6368/annex-1-conceptualising-curriculum-integration.pdf and https://ncca.ie/media/6369/annex-2-weaving-the-literature-on-integration-pedagogy-and-assessment.pdf.
Find out more about the negotiated curriculum in this article and about Beane’s work in the NCCA report.
Balancing a disciplinary approach with a curriculum approach.
Patrick’s doctoral dissertation about disciplinary writing. The overall message of the dissertation is “Literacy integration is important but not easily achieved…if you want to do it well.”
He mentions the work of Sam Wineburg and the credibility of online content.
The importance of partnerships between schools, teachers and teacher educators in conducting and implementing education research. This raises questions around where research is done and who it’s done for and how teachers are involved in it
The importance of conducting and sharing small-scale action research done by teachers in their classrooms.
Student teachers need to be introduced to diverse forms of educational research in their undergraduate education.
A (rare) randomised controlled trial conducted in primary education in Ireland on the topic of Minecraft and spatial awareness.
Being a DCU Co-Principal Investigator (with Dr Eithne Kennedy) for the exploratory Erasmus+ funded Artificial Intelligence in Literacy (AILIT) project.
Scholarly engagement with social media and traditional media.
Gert Biesta’s purposes of education: Qualification, socialisation, subjectification.
Learning about kindness in teacher-student relationships from Dr. William Bingman
Nell Duke is his go-to expert on literacy education.
His profile page in DCU: https://www.dcu.ie/languageliteracyandearlychildhoodeducation/people/dr-patrick-burke.
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1h 9min
June 04, 2024Inside Education 430, Perry Share on Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching (4-6-24)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
On this week's podcast my guest is Perry Share, who is Head of Student Success at Atlantic Technological University. Among the topics we discuss are:
The impact of taking a module with Hilary Tovey on rural sociology and a module with Brian Torode and Barbara Bradby on language, discourse and French theory.
Perry’s belief that artificial intelligence is a catalyst that helps us better understand and question contemporary practices around teaching, learning and assessment.
Artificial intelligence forces us to ask questions like "What does it mean to assess students?" "How can we teach in ways that are engaging and productive for students?"
In education, the arts and the humanities, we take text as a representation of what is in students’ heads and tend to make assumptions about the knowledge, understanding or learning held by the student. The foundation is taken out of this when we don’t know where the text comes from.
Problems are outlined with the take-home assignment, oral assessments and standard written exams but the “unsolvable” problems may constitute a productive space for educators.
The likes of ChatGPT can be used effectively in fields where you have knowledge. An area of concern in higher education is in relation to fields where people are just beginning to acquire knowledge and understanding. In addition, artificial intelligence threatens opportunities to learn on internships in professional placements.
Perhaps the role of “learned” knowledge becomes increasingly important for novices in a field whereas in recent years the importance of critical thinking has been lauded.
It is likely that resources will need to shift from activities we currently value to new – yet-to-be-determined – resources at secondary and higher education levels.
What prompt engineering is.
Ethan Mollick’s book Co-Intelligence.
Examples of good and not-so-good prompts.
How Perry is using ChatGPT in his own work: summarising large documents; combining documents; Brainstorming; Outlining a proposed structure of a document or presentation. It has been used for computer programming and other tasks.
Data protection implications may need to be considered in relation to some uses.
In the future it may be used to grade and provide feedback for public exams.
Various kinds of data on the results would be available almost immediately.
Decline in language learning in many countries due to the dominance of English and due to the availability of translation tools.
The days of the academic essay may be numbered.
Simulations may be a future direction of assessment in professional settings but these too are not without complications.
Can we avoid interacting with artificial intelligence?
Impact on equity in education.
If students can teach themselves, where does that leave the teacher? There is a job of imagination for teachers to start thinking about how they will work alongside artificial intelligence.
The impact of artificial intelligence on what (and who) we can trust.
People Perry respects on the topic of artificial intelligence: Anna Mills, a lecturer in academic writing in the United States; Charles Knight who works for Advance HE; Maha Bali at the America University of Cairo on critical artificial intelligence (environmental, commercial and ethical impacts).
The purpose of school.
Daryl Nation
Raewyn Connell’s book The Good University.
Perry's own expanding list of resources on artificial intelligence is available here.
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1h
May 04, 2024Inside Education 429, Gene Mehigan on The Master by Bryan MacMahon (4-5-24)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
The format of this podcast differs a bit from the usual one in that I am joined by my colleague in Marino Institute of Education, Dr. Gene Mehigan to discuss a book that influenced him on his journey as a teacher and teacher educator. The Book is The Master by Bryan MacMahon, published by Poolbeg Press in 1992. Among the topics we discuss are the following:
How a book about teaching in Rural Ireland from the 1930s to the 1970s could speak to a teacher in a DEIS band 1 school in Darndale in the 1980s and 1990s.
The consequences of poverty on children in schools.
The “stain” of large classes (and their impact on children with language difficulties in particular).
The importance of reading
How Bryan MacMahon encouraged children to collect words (red notebook) and Gene Mehigan’s variation of it (jar on teacher’s desk).
Stages in a reading lesson as outlined by Bryan MacMahon (who noted that they are not rigid and may need modern modification):
Arousal of interest (day before)
Introduction (before lesson begins to heighten interest in the text)
Examination of matter expressed in the text (Comprehension)
Examination of matter implied in the text (Comprehension)
Write difficult words on blackboard (Tier 1, 2 and 3 words today)
Teacher models reading
Children read aloud or silently
Isolate phrases for composition usage
Informed organic chat (in style of everyday conversation)
Dramatisation of the text (Reader’s theatre today)
Committal to rote “not to be scorned on special occasions”
Why a teacher needs to back down in a confrontational situation with a pupil
Characteristics of a good teacher;
Dedication
Sense of humour
Clear penetration in the timbre of the teacher’s speaking voice
A love of learning
Versatility of approach to a lesson
A congenial monotony (that can be departed from)
Occasional informal language
Good blackboard use and being able to sketch
Act in harmony with the traditions and culture of the school area
Bringing the extraordinary into your teaching.
The teacher’s job is to help each child find their special gift.
Bryan MacMahon: “I realised that each child had a gift, and that the ‘leading out’ of that gift was the proper goal of teaching. To me a great teacher was simply a great person teaching.”
Thoughts on a school library, access to books and encouraging children to read.
Trying to entice children to read by tidying books. Buddy reading – to help beginning or reluctant readers but also helping older children consolidate their interest it reading. Helping a teacher narrow down who in a class might have dyslexia
How Brian MacMahon practised an early version of “home-school liaison”
Contemporary resonances – children from Germany fostered by local families during World War II.
How Bryan MacMahon recruited children to look after other children who were vulnerable in some way
Resonances with Johathan Haidt’s book The Coddling of the American Mind (preparing the child for the road and not the road for the child).
How learning tables enthusiastically helped a pupil later excel as an emigrant
“A school is nothing if it is not a place of laughter and song.”
Sources of creativity in education
The importance of a teacher being a philomath.
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50min
April 25, 2024Inside Education 428, Hugh Catts on Reading Comprehension and Dyslexia (25 April 2024)
Presented and produced by Seán Delaney.
In this episode I interview Hugh Catts from the Florida State University about reading comprehension, dyslexia and more. People interviewed on previous Inside Education podcasts are mentioned in this episode: Jerome Kagan, Daniel T. Willingham and Tim Shanahan.
Among the topics raised on the podcast are:
How his interest in educational research grew from problems members of his family, including himself, had in learning to read.
The benefits of having knowledge of phonetics and linguistics in studying reading difficulties
His thoughts on whether someone with reading difficulties can teach reading well
How he became interested in comprehension
Why thinking about comprehension as a skill is unhelpful in teaching reading
Comprehension is a complex set of behaviours or cognitive processes that is more like listening. It is the interaction between the reader and the text they’re reading to construct meaning between what is written in the text and what the reader already knows about the topic.
Comprehension needs to be taught within the context of the subject matter we want the reader to understand.
Quote from Daniel Willingham: “Memory is the residue of thought.”
“Comprehension is essentially changing your understanding of the topic based upon the text.”
“The more you learn about a topic, the more interested you are in learning more about the topic because you feel comfortable with it.”
The “simple view of reading” claims that reading comprehension is a two-stage process where you decode/recognise the word and thereby turn print into language; this is followed by turning the meaning of words into the larger meaning of the text. Decoding can be learned over a number of years whereas the language comprehension part is learned over a lifetime. The view has advantages and disadvantages.
We’re missing a good curriculum “in some cases by focusing in early reading on reading rather than focusing on subject matters to where you can gain the knowledge at the same time as you’re gaining knowledge about reading.”
Questions teachers can ask to help develop children’s comprehension. (E.g. what are you thinking about? How does this relate to what you already know? What experiences have you had that are related to this?
Assessing comprehension. It’s not easy to measure!
“You cannot reduce comprehension down to a single score because it’s not a single thing.”
Comprehension should be tested within texts on the subject matter upon which children have been provided with instruction.
Benefits and shortcomings of cloze procedure to test comprehension
Evaluating psychologist Jerome Kagan’s stance on dyslexia.
Comparing the neurological basis of dyslexia with someone who has little musical ability.
There is no consistent brain-based marker for dyslexia.
The difference between someone who has dyslexia and who does not have dyslexia is evident in how much you struggle to read when provided with quality instruction.
How dyslexia and comprehension difficulties could co-occur or could occur independently
Consequences of having dyslexia
The causes of dyslexia are multi-factorial, some relate to risk and some to resilience
The probability that a child might have reading problems can be determined before a child has reading problems.
Dyslexia cannot be diagnosed until the end of first class/beginning of second class.
Intensive, systematic, supportive and scaffolded instruction from an early stage can help students who are at risk of having dyslexia.
Having dyslexia is not a categorical phenomenon – it exists on a continuum.
How he finds time to write.
He likes the work of Daniel T. Willingham, Tim Shanahan, and Natalie Wexler
...more
1h 6min
April 02, 2024Inside Education 427, Etta Hollins on Teacher Education and More (2-4-24)
On this week's podcast I speak to Professor Etta Hollins from the University of Missouri-Kansas City about teacher education and the role of the teacher. Among the topics we discussed are:
Why observation is key to good teaching practice and learning to teach
The need to be observing, documenting and analysing classroom practice from early in a student teacher’s course
How the influence of theorists like Jerome Bruner and John Dewey can be seen in classroom practice
Directed observation – how the subject you're studying narrows your focus of observation
She gives an example of how a student teacher might learn to teach with reference to learning to teach aspects of early literacy. She illustrates her point with reference to the book Brown Bear Brown Bear by Bill Martin and Eric Carle.
As the teacher educator, she engages in epistemic practices (practices related to knowledge) with student teachers including focused inquiry (studying something specific that you’re going to be able to observe or apply).
Knowing when it’s time to redesign a teacher education programme.
How to solicit feedback on a teacher education programme’s impact and outcomes. (Do peers trust graduates’ knowledge? How do school leaders evaluate performance of our graduates?)
Using generic versus subject-specific instruments to evaluate student teachers’ teaching.
A student is ready to graduate from their teacher education programme when they can consistently apply academic knowledge to practice and make adjustments as needed for differences among children and get the learning outcomes that are expected for the child’s age, grade and subject matter. How students can progressively demonstrate their development of teacher knowledge throughout their programme.
Why she believes assessing students in particular contexts does not mean that their competence is confined to those contexts: responding to students is a habit of mind that can be transferred to wherever you are teaching.
She draws a parallel between how teachers respond to children in classrooms and how she responds to teacher educators when reviewing teacher education programmes.
Why teachers need not just academic knowledge but to be aware of why they’re teaching. Teachers need a bigger purpose for their work.
How children responded to her as a middle-school history teacher
“Every teacher, whether they do it intentionally or not, influences children’s perception, their relationships, their values and who they become.”
How extreme events such as school shootings can be traced to children being isolated, excluded by their peers in school.
A teacher’s role is to help every child find a place of comfort in the school, learn to build relationships with peers, and help peers become more accepting of difference.
Bank Street in New York is an example of how teachers can help transform schools and communities serving students from socially and economically backgrounds.
Schools founded by John Dewey. At the centre of such schools was the study of children. He conceptualised how learning takes place and he had a conception of diversity. The spirit has been maintained because of a sense of clarity and commitment to John Dewey’s principles.
The Lab school in Chicago was founded by John Dewey and takes children from low-income environments.
Culture influences cognition, values and practices.
She compares how children learn to think with how they learn a language from caregivers.
She gives an example of how student teachers trusted their own experience over theory. She gave them an experience to help them understand difference.
She is inspired by the awesome responsibility of being a professional educator.
...more
51min

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