Olivia details the history of the first slave rebellion on the mainland USA, which took place in 1526 in what is now Georgia and South Carolina.

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Before 1619, there was 1526: The mystery of the first enslaved Africans in what became the United States

https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/09/07/before-there-was-mystery-first-enslaved-africans-what-became-us/

SAN MIGUEL DE GUALDAPE SLAVE REBELLION (1526)

https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/events-african-american-history/san-miguel-de-gualdape-slave-rebellion-1526/

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Olivia and Raven discuss the goals and impact of the Pan-African Movement, and tackle misconceptions and criticisms of Pan-African ideology and intellectuals.

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Discussion Summary:

01:11: Topic intro, and interesting findings in researching the Pan-African movement.

03:12: Pan-Africanism and Black Nationalism explained, and Marcus Garvey’s involvement in the movement.

17:07: The goals and impact of the Pan-African Congresses.

21:47: Positive sentiments in Pan-Africanism, and the importance of Black pride.

25:53: Criticisms of Pan-African ideology.

38:20: Significant differences in women’s and men’s contributions to the Pan-African movement.

47:44: Outro.

Episodes Referenced:

Pan-Africanist Highlight: Claudia Jones

https://isquared.podbean.com/e/pan-africanist-highlight-claudia-jones/

Pan-Africanist Highlight: Amy Ashwood Garvey

https://isquared.podbean.com/e/pan-africanist-highlight-amy-ashwood-garvey/

Pan-Africanist Highlight: Alexander Crummell

https://isquared.podbean.com/e/pan-africanist-highlight-alexander-crummell/

Pan-Africanist Highlight: Martin Robison Delany

https://isquared.podbean.com/e/pan-africanist-highlight-martin-robison-delany/

Learn More!

History of Pan-Africanist intellectuals

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pan-Africanism

Marcus Garvey

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcus-Garvey

THE PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESSES, 1900-1945

https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/pan-african-congresses-1900-1945/

Raven honors this Caribbean journalist and activist, who advocated for women’s rights in the US and UK, and campaigned against racism in education, employment, housing, and emigration legislation.

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CLAUDIA JONES (1915-1964)

https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/jones-claudia-1915-1964/

Claudia Jones, Pan-African Nationalist

https://aaregistry.org/story/claudia-jones-pan-african-nationalist-born/

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Olivia and Raven discuss the view that emotion and reason are opposites, devaluing personal experiences of people stereotyped as emotional, and the lack of accountability in those who are dismissive based on prejudice.

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Discussion Summary:

01:10: Topic intro, misconceptions about emotional expression and rationality, and confusing emotional appeal with pathos.

06:50: The double standard regarding men and women displaying emotion when debating or proving a point, and examples of emotional appeal vs pathos.

12:03: The harm in demonizing and devaluing emotion in discourse, and viewing certain marginalized groups of people as inherently irrational.

19:37: Justified anger, and the struggle marginalized folks have to be taken seriously.

36:26: The wrong way to display emotion in a disagreement, and holding people accountable for being dismissive.

41:27: Outro.

Raven discusses the activism and accomplishments of this Jamaican Feminist, who cofounded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), promoted women’s participation in politics, and pushed to increase Jamaican’s and Guyanese people’s involvement in government.

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Remembering Amy Ashwood-Garvey: A Pan-African pioneer

https://www.uj.ac.za/news/remembering-amy-ashwood-garvey-a-pan-african-pioneer/AMY ASHWOOD GARVEY (1897-1969)

https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/garvey-amy-ashwood-1897-1969/

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Olivia and Raven discuss the ways society dehumanizes disabled people, and the double standard regarding how disabled people and nondisabled people find fulfillment. They revisit Helen Keller’s article: “Physicians Juries for Defective Babies” to address controversial, but commonly held beliefs about disabled existence.

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Discussion Summary:

01:11: Topic intro, and the misconception that society is less ableist than it was a century ago.

04:39: Reducing disabled people’s humanity to their health condition.

09:21: Helen Keller’s article and devaluing disabled existence.

12:52: Breaking down Keller’s assertion that “happiness, intelligence, and power give life its sanctity”, and the subjectiveness of what constitutes happiness.

21:26: The different types of intelligence, and how they’re all valuable.

33:02: Lack of power, or autonomy, doesn’t make life less worth living.

42:58: Nondisabled people finding meaning or inspiration in disabled existence, and thinking of disabled people as inherently infantile or childlike.

49:06: Keller’s view that disabled existence devalues nondisabled, or “normal,” existence.

55:15: Outro.

Learn More!

Helen Keller: Physicians Juries for Defective Babies, Article in the New Republic, 1915

https://eugenics.us/helen-keller-physicians-juries-for-defective-babies-article-in-the-new-republic-1915/217.htm

The Short Life and Eugenic Death of Baby John Bollinger

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/genetic-crossroads/201510/the-short-life-and-eugenic-death-baby-john-bollinger

Olivia highlights this Episcopalian minister and educator, who worked to unite Black Americans and African Natives in Liberia, and helped found the American Negro Academy.

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ALEXANDER CRUMMELL (1819-1898)

https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/crummell-alexander-1819-1898/

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Olivia and Raven talk about the tendency to doubt the qualifications of folks in marginalized groups, misconceptions about the existence of protected classes, and opposition to affirmative action by people who are marginalized.

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Discussion Summary:

00:00: Episode intro, and the tendency to doubt the qualifications of people of color and folks in marginalized groups.

10:25: Misconceptions about the existence of “protected classes.”

23:05: Opposition to affirmative action from folks in marginalized groups.

27:57: Upholding the special treatment of majority groups over equal treatment.

31:51: Outro.

Learn More!

What is Affirmative Action and Why Was it Created?

https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/what-is-affirmative-action-and-why-was-it-created-31524

Episode Referenced:

Black Feminism Part 2: What Puts The Black In Black Feminism?

https://isquared.podbean.com/e/black-feminism-part-2-what-puts-the-black-in-black-feminism/

Olivia talks about the accomplishments of this contributor to the Pan-African movement, who served his community and his country through his career in medicine, publishing two newspapers centering Black American issues, and serving in the US army.

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Martin Delany

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-R-Delany

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Olivia and Raven discuss what affirmative action laws are, reverse discrimination and misconceptions about affirmative action, and challenges to these laws in court.

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Discussion Summary:

00:00: Episode intro.

01:23: The purpose of affirmative action, and what affirmative action laws are.

05:29: Who’s benefited most from affirmative action laws, and misconceptions about what affirmative action is.

10:24: Challenges to affirmative action legislation in the court system, “reverse discrimination” cases, and legislation outlawing affirmative action.

27:01: Positive discrimination, the UK equivalent of “reverse discrimination,” vs positive action.

36:47: Outro.

Learn More!

What is Affirmative Action and Why Was it Created?

https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/what-is-affirmative-action-and-why-was-it-created-31524

affirmative action

https://www.britannica.com/topic/affirmative-action

What is Positive Discrimination in the UK?

https://croner.co.uk/resources/equality-discrimination/positive-discrimination-uk/