Jacqueline Wootton, Christine Wong and Christopher Hicks discuss the intersection between corporate criminal responsibility and ESG in a Third Wheel X Investigate 360 collaboration episode exploring governance, social licence to operate and the regulation of ESG issues under criminal standards. The serious risks associated with criminal matters are underlined, from corporate penalties and investigations through to individual prosecution and reputational consequences as well as the patchwork of inconsistent standards and methods for determining when a company will be held criminally responsible. They discuss the ongoing road to reform, including a radical change in relation to foreign bribery and the potential introduction of Deferred Prosecution Agreements. Our team conclude with some of the steps companies can take to future proof their business to respond to criminal liability and risk.