Construction on data centers hasn’t been as sensitive to interest rate increases, and it’s buoying some consumer spending.
Credit: George Frey / Bloomberg via Getty ImagesKey Takeaways
- Data center construction is shielding the economy from rate hikes by sustaining jobs in the construction sector.
- Rising bond yields are pressuring consumers with higher borrowing costs, but have not significantly impacted tech firms or stocks.
- Artificial intelligence adoption is boosting corporate earnings and productivity, supporting economic growth despite inflation risks.
Borrowing costs are nearing multi-year highs for consumers and businesses alike, but that doesn’t mean the economy is in for pain yet, some analysts say.
Data centers are a big reason why, according to Ajay Rajadhyaksha, Barclays’ global chairman of research. Their buildout continues to drive construction jobs, from plumbers to steelworkers, whose steady paychecks mean they aren’t being forced to cut back on spending at restaurants or retailers.
The construction sector typically suffers when rates rise, since building houses becomes more expensive. But the giant tech firms building data centers are far more immune to rising borrowing costs, helping keep construction jobs afloat.
“This is why the traditional rate transmission mechanism has not worked,” Rajadhyaksha wrote in a note to clients. “The dog did not bark because someone else was feeding it.”
The “insulation is not permanent,” he cautioned. Once the data centers are built, they may only need a few dozen permanent workers to keep them running. The stock market could also take a tumble if rates rise high enough, making wealthier households, whose spending has buffered the economy for years, less likely to travel or spend.
So far, stocks have remained unbothered. After softening a bit over the last week, the S&P 500 index rose 0.9% on Friday—even after a hotter-than-expected inflation report that makes Federal Reserve rate hikes more likely. Global oil prices are back over $100 a barrel as the Iran war heats up again, too, further raising inflation risks.
Soaring corporate earnings, however, are likely to keep favoring stocks in the near-term, wrote Arun Sai, senior multi-asset strategist at Pictet Asset Management.
“Earnings are still growing at a remarkable pace, thanks in part to the broadening adoption of new technologies such as AI,” Sai wrote in a blog post, adding that earnings growth is “too powerful to ignore.”
Household Borrowing
The yield on the benchmark 10-year US Treasury was nearing 5% in late-afternoon trading, as the bond market reacted to Friday’s inflation report.
Yields were last at those levels in 2023, when post-COVID prices and the war in Ukraine drove inflation to decades-long highs. At the time, the scorching pace of post-pandemic consumer spending kept the economy afloat, helping it defy widespread forecasts of recession.
Rising interest rates will no doubt limit consumer momentum, said Barclays’ Rajadhyaksha. Higher rates are already raising monthly auto payments, and higher credit card rates could put further pressure on lower-income consumers, who came under more stress in 2023.
“These channels are real,” Rajadhyaksha wrote. “They are causing pain for specific parts of the economy. But they are not what historically causes recessions; construction is. And construction is insulated.”
The sector has remained busy even though housing has been in the dumps for years, Rajadhyaksha wrote. The 30-year mortgage rate breached 7% this week, since mortgage rates are tied to the 10-year Treasury yield.
Unflinching Tech Firms
Rising 10-year yields also affect tech companies, making it more expensive for them to borrow in bond markets.
But the massive tech firms haven’t flinched despite memory chip prices tripling over the last 18 months, Rajadhyaksha wrote. And they’re unlikely to shelve their data center spending plans just because rates are up a modest amount, he added.
“The result is that the most capital-intensive construction cycle in the United States is being driven by entities for whom the cost of capital is, at a first approximation, irrelevant,” Rajadhyaksha wrote. “This has never been true in a prior tightening cycle.”
It is “one of the most important reasons why the economy has absorbed a substantial rate hike cycle without cracking,” he added.
Next year “could be when the economy hits its stride,” with the U.S. economy likely to grow by 2.5% and outperform its pace this year, Oxford Economics Chief U.S. Economist Michael Pearce wrote in a note to clients.
Persistently high energy costs or disappointing growth effects from artificial intelligence may throttle the outlook, he cautioned. Gas prices should ease next year but will likely stay elevated, which could mean consumer spending could “remain solid but not spectacular,” he wrote.
In the meantime, there are signs that AI is making the U.S. economy more productive and could boost corporate profits and workers’ incomes.
“We expect the narrow boom in AI-focused industries to spread to a broader set of industries,” he wrote.