In this episode, we delve into the rich history and legacy of Archduchess Isabella Clara Eugenia. Together with her husband Archduke Albert of Austria, the Archducal couple ruled as co-sovereigns over the Spanish Netherlands from 1599 to 1621. When Archduke Albert died in 1621, the Archduchess suffered a significant demotion of power at the hands of the Spanish king, who did not trust Isabella to rule alone and independently from the Spanish crown. In response to the new limitations imposed on Isabella's political authority, she instrumentalized her patronage of the arts to nourish, foster, and strengthen her political alliances all over Europe. Isabella Clara Eugenia has been remembered for her remarkable military leadership, her genuine longing for peace and stability for the Northern and Southern Netherlands, and above all, for the love she felt for her people. Thank you for listening, I hope you enjoy this episode.