Islam and Evidence

The Moon is a means of measurement for people to calculate the year. The positions of the Moon as it revolves in its orbit change, making it possible to see the Moon in different forms at different times.

In former times, a month was calculated by the time between two full moons, but in the Gregorian calendar, a year is the time it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. The Qur'an contains information about this difference in calendars.

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog:: https://islamic-audio-book.com/13-the-moons-orbit/

The Moon follows a constant pattern resembling the letter "S" in space as it orbits the Earth and moves with the Earth around the Sun. This pattern is described in the Qur'an as resembling an old date branch.

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog: https://islamic-audio-book.com/12-the-suns-trajectory/

The Sun and Moon follow specific trajectories, which were discovered by means of astronomical advances in our own time. The Sun travels 17.28 million km (10.74 million miles) a day and all the planets and satellites within its gravitational field travel the same distance.

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog: https://islamic-audio-book.com/11-orbits-and-the-rotating-universe/

The universe functions within a finely-tuned order, just like the wheels in a factory. Celestial bodies follow specific paths, and the Solar System and even other galaxies exhibit considerable motion around other centres.

The earth follows an orbit around the sun that deviates only 2.8 millimetres from a direct course. If the deviation were any larger, the earth would freeze.

The Qur'an indicates that heavenly bodies have cyclical systems and that they rotate around their own axes. At the time the Qur'an was revealed, people had no telescopes or advanced observation technology.

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog: https://islamic-audio-book.com/10-the-structural-differences-between-the-sun-the-moon-and-the-stars/

The Sun is the only source of light in the Solar System, and the Moon merely reflects the light reaching it from the Sun.

The word "light" in Arabic refers to the Moon, while the word "lamp" refers to the Sun. The word "star" comes from the Arabic root "najama," meaning "appearing, emerging, visible."

We now know that the Moon does not emit its own light, but reflects that reaching it from the Sun. The Sun and stars also emit their own light. 

These facts were revealed in the Qur’an in an age when mankind simply did not have the means to make scientific discoveries of their own accord. It was an age when peoples’ knowledge of celestial bodies was severely restricted, to say the least. This further emphasises the miraculous nature of the book of Islam. 

Materialist philosophy claims that the systems in nature and the universe were like machines that functioned on their own. However, scientific discoveries have demonstrated that the systems were created and that the universe was created from nothing.

The conditions necessary for life are found only on the Earth. The conditions are created by the forces of the Big Bang, the levels of the four basic forces, the chemical processes in the stars, the type of light emitted by the Sun, etc.

Allah created the universe in measure and harmony, and revealed in Surat al-Mulk 3 that those who seek disharmony will fail to find it. The term "fine-tuning" represents this truth revealed in the verses, and many scientists have shown that the universe has an extraordinary design.

Professor George F. Ellis refers to the fine-tuning of the universe as "amazing" and claims that it makes human life possible.

The balances established with the Big Bang are one of the proofs that the universe did not come into being by chance.

Modern physics describes the interaction and equilibrium of four forces as follows: gravity, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force.

If the gravitational force was a trillion times stronger, the universe would be far smaller and its life history far shorter. If the strong force was just slightly weaker, the universe would have no stars, no supernovae, no planets, no atoms, no life.

The distance between supernovae and stars is critical for the existence of life on Earth. If the distance were much less, planetary orbits would be destabilized, and if the distance was much more, planetary systems like our own would never form.

If the depth of the oceans were any greater, there would be constant upheaval for living things.

The Earth's inclination of 23 degrees causes the seasons, which are marked by hot summers and cold winters.

If the Moon and Earth were even a little closer, the Moon's effect on the Earth's tides would reach dangerous dimensions, and the temperature of the oceans would rise, endangering life on Earth.

The existence of carbon, the basis of all life, depends on the temperature remaining within specific limits. The Earth's climate must be stable at -20 degrees and no higher than 120 degrees Celsius (248oF) for carbon to exist.

The harmony and proportion therein were described with magnificent accuracy fourteen centuries ago in the Qur’an.

He Who created the seven heavens in layers. You will not find any flaw in the creation of the All-Merciful. Look again-do you see any gaps? Then look again and again. Your sight will return to you dazzled and exhausted! (Qur’an, 67:3-4)

Don’t you see how He created seven heavens in layers? (Qur’an, 71:15)

He to Whom the kingdom of the heavens and the earth belongs. He does not have a son and He has no partner in the Kingdom. He created everything and determined it most exactly. (Qur’an, 25:2)

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog: https://islamic-audio-book.com/8-the-perfect-equilibrium-in-the-universe/

The All-Merciful created the seven heavens in layers, and the billions of stars and galaxies in the universe move in perfect equilibrium in the paths set out for them.

The speed of the Earth as it rotates around the Sun is 1,670 kmph (1,038 mph), and the speed of the Solar System as it orbits the centre of the galaxy is 720,000 kmph (950,000 kmph). Yet, despite these speeds, the Earth is in complete safety.

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog. https://islamic-audio-book.com/7-the-creation-of-what-lies-between-the-heavens-and-the-earth/

The Qur'an contains many verses concerning the creation of the Earth, the heavens and what lies between them, and how everything belongs to Allah.

Scientists state that the universe was first in a state of "ratq" (fusion), and then became "fataqa" (divided into parts). After each division, a few particles remained outside the new, fundamental bodies forming in space, and these extra particles are called interstellar galactic material.

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog. https://islamic-audio-book.com/6-the-separation-of-the-heavens-and-the-earth/

The verse about the creation of the heavens says that the heavens and the earth were sewn together and then unstitched, and that water was used to create every living thing.

You can also read and listen to this episode on our blog. https://islamic-audio-book.com/5-creation-from-hot-smoke/

He placed mountains on the Earth, blessed it, and laid out its nourishment for those who seek it.

The Arabic word for "heaven" is "samaa'", which refers to the entire universe. The word "dukhaanun" for "smoke" describes the matter before the universe took its shape-the hot, cosmic smoke present during the creation of the universe, as now acknowledged by scientist.