With the development of IVT methods, synthetic mRNA has become an emerging class of gene therapy. IVT mRNA has several advantages, such as the mRNA does not require nuclear localization to mediate protein translation. The intracellular process for protein expression is much simpler, and the level of protein expression is far enhanced. IVT mRNA can be produced in large-scale amounts in GMP quality, allowing the clinical application of mRNA-based therapies. Due to its safety and high efficiency, IVT mRNA is an especially attractive gene expression system for applications in regenerative medicine, vaccination, cell engineering, and protein replacement therapy.

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