Oncolytic Virus Construction

Adenovirus has been explored and engineered extensively as an oncolytic virus and viral vector for gene therapy to reduce viral virulence and increase efficacy and specificity. E1A gene in adenovirus is responsible for viral replication in tumor cells and needs to be attenuated for oncolytic purpose. Coated protein modification is to increase target specificity of adenovirus to tumor cells, and thus alters viral tropism. Adenovirus can also be modified through transcriptional targeting, such as placing E1A and E1B gene under control of promoter of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (highly expressed in a range of cancers), or through post-transcriptional modification, such as targeting of cancer specific miRNA.

Oncolytic virus is engineered by homologous recombination from parental virus. The recombination rate is low and parental virus has growth superiority. In order to get purified engineered oncolytic virus, several rounds of plaque purification must be performed.

Oncolytic Virus Basis

The strategy implementation of immunotherapeutic for the treatment of cancer has gained prominence over the past decade in preclinical development and clinical practice. Traditional oncological treatments, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, aim to directly remove or kill cancer cells, but receive high probability of recurrences or serious side effects. In contrast, immunotherapy seeks to enhance the host immune system's ability to eliminate cancer cells, contributing to tumor regression, antitumor immune memory formation, and ultimately durable responses.

Oncolytic Virotherapy Development for Combination Therapy with Cancer Vaccines

Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) represents an exciting new area of cancer treatment by exploiting a virus's ability to selectively replicate and kill tumor tissue while stimulating a patient-specific immune response against cancer.

Cytokine/Chemokine-expressing Oncolytic Virus

Genetic therapies, such as transfected viral vectors and immune cells, continue to display clinical responses as systemically deliverable and targeted therapeutics, with the first such strategy having been approved for cancer treatment.

The currently approved oncolytic virus drugs and different clinical trials have proved promising efficacy data. Preclinical study of in vivo efficacy will provide more powerful information for later stage development, including optimization of administration route, dose, and clinical trial design.

Genetic therapies, such as transfected viral vectors and immune cells, continue to display clinical responses as systemically deliverable and targeted therapeutics, with the first such strategy having been approved for cancer treatment.

Oncolytic virus is engineered by homologous recombination from parental virus. The recombination rate is low and parental virus has growth superiority. In order to get purified engineered oncolytic virus, several rounds of plaque purification must be performed. Scientist in Creative Biolabs has developed optimal method to do the plaque purification assay for oncolytic virus engineering.

Tumor radiotherapy is a local treatment method that uses radiation to treat tumors. Radiation includes α, β, and γ rays generated by radioisotopes and x-rays, electron beams, proton beams, and other particle beams generated by various x-ray therapy machines or accelerators. The history of radiotherapy is only a few decades, but with the help of the development of CT imaging technology and computer technology, it has developed from two-dimensional radiotherapy to three-dimensional or even four-dimensional radiotherapy technology.

With the development of IVT methods, synthetic mRNA has become an emerging class of gene therapy. IVT mRNA has several advantages, such as the mRNA does not require nuclear localization to mediate protein translation. The intracellular process for protein expression is much simpler, and the level of protein expression is far enhanced. IVT mRNA can be produced in large-scale amounts in GMP quality, allowing the clinical application of mRNA-based therapies. Due to its safety and high efficiency, IVT mRNA is an especially attractive gene expression system for applications in regenerative medicine, vaccination, cell engineering, and protein replacement therapy.

https://mrna.creative-biolabs.com/custom-ivt-synthesis-of-mrna.htm