A central question in platelet transfusion is whether to follow a restrictive or liberal strategy in decisions about which patients should receive platelets. Author Ryan Metcalf, MD, University of Utah, discusses new clinical guidelines for platelet transfusion and more with JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD. Related Content:

• Platelet Transfusion
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• Trends in Red Blood Cell, Plasma, and Platelet Transfusions in the United States, 1993-2014

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare coagulopathic disorder characterized by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, that can cause life-threatening thrombosis. Coauthor Allyson M. Pishko, MD, MSCE, of the University of Pennsylvania joins JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss the recent review of iTTP published in JAMA. Related Content:

• Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The human microbiome appears to influence risk for development and progression of cancer and response to treatment. Author Jennifer Wargo, MD, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, discusses basic science and clinical evidence regarding the human microbiome and cancer risk with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

• The Microbiome and Cancer

Endometriosis, a common cause of pelvic pain, affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age females. Author Sawsan As-Sanie, MD, MPH, University of Michigan, discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of endometriosis with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content:

• Endometriosis

What is the single most important thing to recognize when communicating with families about vaccines? Author Sean T. O’Leary, MD, MPH, of the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children’s Hospital Colorado joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss evidence-based approaches for discussions with parents about vaccines. Related Content:

• Strategies for Communicating With Parents About Vaccines

Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis, which affects approximately a half million people in the US, is a chronic lung condition that involves permanent bronchial dilation and inflammation; it is characterized by a productive cough and recurrent exacerbations. Author Alan F. Barker, MD, of Oregon Health and Science University joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, to discuss non-CF bronchiectasis. Related Content:

• Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Adults

A JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the Endocrine Society’s most recent recommendations on vitamin D supplementation for disease prevention. Author Sherri-Ann M. Burnett-Bowie, MD, MPH, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

• Vitamin D for Prevention of Disease

What are 3 fundamental communication skills needed when discussing surgery with patients? Author Lauren J. Taylor, MD, of the Central Virginia VA Health Care System discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM. Related Content:

• Communicating With Patients About Surgery

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a smoking-related malignancy that presents at an advanced stage in 70% of patients. Author Anne C. Chiang, MD, PhD, of the Yale University School of Medicine joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss the epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of SCLC. Related Content:

• Small Cell Lung Cancer

Polycystic kidney disease is the most common genetic kidney disease worldwide and is characterized by progressive development of kidney cysts. Author Nerra Dahl, MD, PhD, Mayo Clinic, discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ADPKD in adults, with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

• Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease