Gender bias in the workplace should come as no surprise to KeyLIME-ers.  Yet, many do not realize how pervasive sexism can be in the assessment of trainees in our residency programs. Jon's selection showcases the significant issue of gender bias in the academic environment and the hosts attempt to understand the scope of the problem. 

Authors: Dayal A, O’Connor DM, Qadri U, Arora VM. 

Publication details: Comparison of Male vs Female Resident Milestone Evaluations by Faculty During Emergency Medicine Residency Training.  JAMA Internal Medicine. 2017. March 6. [ePub ahead of print] PubMed Link

As the old adage goes- does ‘practice make perfect’?  Or the not so old saying coming from mastery learning – does ‘perfect practice makes perfect’? The authors of Linda's selected paper - a report on a randomized education trial - want to convince us that ‘imperfect practice makes perfect’.  

Authors: Dyre L , Tabor A, Ringstead C, Toldsgaard, MG.

Publication details: Imperfect practice makes perfect: error management training improves transfer of learning. Medical Education. 2017 Feb;51(2):196-206. PubMed Link

Jason selects an article from Medical Education and the co-hosts discuss: When it comes to physicians in practice, what should clinician-educators focus on to make the most difference in patient outcomes?

Authors: Norcini JJ, Boulet JR, Opalek A, Dauphinee WD. 

Publication details: Patients of doctors further from medical school graduation have poorer outcomes. Medical Education. 2017. 51(5):480. PubMed Link

Linda's article selection asks: if HPESUs (health professions education scholarship units) are defined as “organizational structures within which a group of people is substantively engaged in health professions education scholarship’’ -  does this mean heads of HPESUs act as Institutional Entrepreneurs? 

Authors: Varpio L, O'Brien B, Durning S, van der Vleuten C, Gruppen L, Ten Cate O, Humphrey-Murto S, Irby DM, Hamstra SJ, Hu W.

Publication details: Health Professions Education Scholarship Unit Leaders as Institutional Entrepreneurs. Academic Medicine. 2017. Jan 24 [ePub ahead of print]. PubMed Link

In this episode:  In this week's paper, selected by Jon, the co-hosts discuss whether a a closed-book exam - that requires a learner to have encoded and recall the required information - is a superior educational process to an open-book exam that requires a learner to appraise and apply an array of widely available information?  

Authors: Durning SJ, Dong T, Ratcliffe T, Schuwirth L, Artino AR Jr, Boulet JR, Eva K.

Publication details: Comparing Open-Book and Closed-Book Examinations: A Systematic Review. Academic Medicine. 2016 Apr; 91(4):583-99. PubMed link

When was the last time you, dear KeyLIME listener, was observed performing a clinical task by someone who had some kind of power over your career? Was it a colleague as part of a simulation? An administrative leader? Was it at a conference? Was it a mandatory peer review? Was it comfortable for you? Did you change what you would normally do in that situation? Jason's choice this week explores that kind of experience, namely: the lived experience of physicians who have had direct observation while performing clinical tasks. 

Authors: LaDonna K, Hatala R, Lingard L, Voyer S, Watling C.

Publication details: Staging a performance: Learners’ perceptions about direct observation during residency. Medical Education. 2017 May;51(5):498-510

Linda's selection hails from a relatively unknown journal. The paper's author proposes that there is a link between the quality of case presentations (CP) by learners and the learner’s diagnostic reasoning (DR) ability.

Author: Onishi, H.

Publication details: Assessment of Clinical Reasoning by Listening to Case Presentations: VSOP Method for Better Feedback. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development. 2016 (3): 125-131. Link to article abstract

For nearly 100 years, there have been calls from experts and other stakeholders to change medical education to incorporate “health systems science” (HSS). This push for HSS in health professions education is heating up, as multiple countries seek physicians who have new sets of skills and behaviours to improve the performance of health care systems and improve patient outcomes. Jason presents a qualitative study that sets out to identify “value-added roles for medical students within the health care delivery system” in Pennsylvania, USA.  

Authors: Gonzalo JD, Graaf D, Johannes B, Blatt B, Wolpaw DR.

Publication details: Adding Value to the Health Care System: Identifying Value-Added Systems Roles for Medical Students. American Journal of Medical Quality. 2016 Apr 26. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed Link

What are the effective solutions to prevent burnout and promote wellness for clinicians?  Jon presents a systematic review that attempts to answer that problem. (All three hosts wanted to present this paper but Jon was the quickest to grab it!) His own specialty (Emergency Medicine) consistently ranks high in several studies on burnout. 

Authors: Panagioti M, Efharis Panagopoulou E, Peter Bower P, Lewith G, Kontopantelis E, Chew-Graham C, Dawson S, van Marwijk H, Geraghty K, Esmail A.

Publication details: Controlled Interventions to Reduce Burnout in Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2016 Dec. [ePub ahead of print] PubMed Link

Linda presents an article that summarizes five contemporary theories about motivation to learn, articulates key intersections and distinctions among these theories, and identifies important considerations for future research - the hosts agree all Clinician Educators in training should have this article on their bookshelf!

Authors: Cook DA, Artino AR Jr

Publication details: Motivation to learn: an overview of contemporary theories. Medical Education. 2016. 50(10):997-1014. PubMed Link