On this episode, Adam and guest resident co-host Amit Chopra speak with emergency physician and trauma team leader Andrew Petrosoniak about the evolution of M&M rounds in healthcare and his vision for M&M rounds 2.0. They talk about the importance of shifting away from individual blame to a systems-oriented approach in case analysis. The conversation explores the exciting potential of integrating video review into M&M rounds and the potential to start capitalizing on this technology for performance coaching, just like athletes have done for decades.  

 Length of episode :  51:41 

 Resources to check out:   

M&M rounds 2.0: the future of performance improvement | Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine 

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This episode was first released on February 18, 2025.

Description: -

In this episode, Adam discusses the complexities of growth mindset in medical education with guests Milad Memari and Katie Gavinski. They explore the differences between growth and fixed mindsets, the dangers of misapplying mindset theory, and the trap of false growth mindset. The conversation emphasizes practical strategies for educators to promote a growth mindset among learners, the challenges of assessment in medical training, and the need for systemic changes informed by mindset theory to support learner development. 

Length of Episode:   45:09

Resources to check out :   

1. Memari M, Gavinski K, Norman MK. Beware False Growth Mindset: Building Growth Mindset in Medical Education Is Essential but Complicated. Acad Med. 2024 Mar 1;99(3):261-265.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37643577/  

1. PISA 2018 Results (Volume I): https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2018-results-volume-i_5f07c754-en/full-report.html  

1. A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31391586/  

1. Yeager DS, Dweck CS. What can be learned from growth mindset controversies? Am Psychol. 2020 Dec;75(9):1269-1284. doi: 10.1037/amp0000794. PMID: 33382294; PMCID: PMC8299535. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8299535/ 

@MemariMD  

@katiegavinski    

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This episode was first released on October 1, 2024.

Description : -

Adam and guest resident co-host, Dr. Victoria Turnbull, interview Dr. Michael Gottlieb about a recent paper of his that should be relevant to anyone who listens to podcasts for learning. The paper looked at immediate and delayed recall of podcast content of residents listening to podcasts during aerobic exercise and at rest. We also discuss multitasking, cognitive load, and the way our brains make decisions.  

Length of Episode: 38 minutes  

Resources to check out : 

Gottlieb M, Cooney R, Haas MRC, King A, Fung CC, Riddell J. A Randomized Trial Assessing the Effect of Exercise on Residents' Podcast Knowledge Acquisition and Retention. Acad Med. 2024 May 1;99(5):575-581. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005592. Epub 2023 Dec 18. PMID: 38109353. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38109353/ 

Perham, N., & Currie, H. (2014). Does listening to preferred music improve reading comprehension performance? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28(2), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2994 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-08687-016 

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This episode was first released on January 7, 2025.

Description: -

In this episode, Adam and Dr. Paul Kirschner discuss some of the biggest myths in education—like multitasking, learning styles, and the belief that Googling can replace knowledge. They dive into what sets experts apart from novices and explore how certain ‘desirable difficulties’—those useful challenges in learning —actually improve long-term retention, even if they’re tough to stomach.  

 Length of Episode: 52:41 

Resources to check out: 

The Ten Deadly Sins of Education by Dr. Paul Kirschner 

Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (2020). Desirable difficulties in theory and practice.  Journal of Applied research in Memory and Cognition, 9 (4), 475-479.    

Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. A. (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. 

Brown, Peter C. (2014). Make it stick : the science of successful learning. Cambridge, Massachusetts :The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 

Paul’s 3 recent books: 

1. How Learning Happens: Seminal Works in Educational Psychology and What They Mean in Practice 

1. How Teaching Happens: Seminal Works in Teaching and Teacher Effectiveness and What They Mean in Practice 

1. Ten Steps to Complex Learning 

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This is Episode #1 which was first released on 17, 2024.

Description: - 

Adam invites Dr. Lisa Rosenbaum to discuss her recent publication in the NEJM titled Being Well while Doing Well — Distinguishing Necessary from Unnecessary Discomfort in Training.  

This thought-provoking paper is the 3rd in a series of 4 essays in the NEJM by Dr. Rosenbaum.  It’s a social commentary on recent cultural and societal changes and their impact on medical education. We discuss Lisa’s critical perspectives on the important notions of wellness and professional identity in our field.  

Length of Episode: 40 minutes  

Article discussed: Rosenbaum L. Being Well while Doing Well - Distinguishing Necessary from Unnecessary Discomfort in Training. N Engl J Med. 2024 Feb 8;390(6):568-572. doi: 10.1056/NEJMms2308228. Epub 2024 Jan 17. PMID: 38231543. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38231543/ 

Resources to check out : 

Dr. Rosenbaum’s recent related publications   

1. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMms2308228 Being Well while Doing Well — Distinguishing Necessary from Unnecessary Discomfort in Training  

1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265727/ Beyond Moral Injury - Can We Reclaim Agency, Belief, and Joy in Medicine?  

1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38197811/ On Calling - From Privileged Professionals to Cogs of Capitalism?  

1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38170694/ What Do Trainees Want? The Rise of House Staff Unions  

1. Podcast ‘Not Otherwise Specified’ https://not-otherwise-specified-podcast.nejm.org/e/tough-love/   

 Contact us: [email protected]  

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In the Season 1 finale of KeyLIME+, Adam shares reflections on a memorable first year, highlighting listener feedback and key insights from across the season. We revisit important conversations about balancing wellness with excellence in medical education, rethinking med school admissions, applying cognitive load theory to clinical teaching, and leading change with humility. Thanks to all our listeners and contributors for being part of Season 1 — KeyLIME+ will be back in September with an exciting Season 2! 

Length of episode: 36:50 

Resources to check out  

Episodes mentioned: -  

Episode 8 Is applying to med school like playing the lottery? 

https://keylimepodcast.libsyn.com/7-is-applying-to-med-school-like-playing-the-lottery 

 Episode 11 Challenging the status quo of CBME in Canada 

https://keylimepodcast.libsyn.com/11-challenging-the-status-quo-of-cbme-in-canada 

Episode 14 Exploring cognitive load in the workplace: A new tool for medical educators 

https://keylimepodcast.libsyn.com/14-exploring-cognitive-load-in-the-workplace-a-new-tool-for-medical-educators 

Contact us: [email protected]    

Follow: Dr. Adam Szulewski https://x.com/Adam_Szulewski    

On this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with Drs. Saleem Razack and Stuart Lubarsky about the concept of medical expertise. They dig into definitions and interpretations of medical expertise, ideas around cognitive load, and the role of illness scripts in clinical reasoning. They also address the recent public discussion about the centrality of medical expertise within the CanMEDS framework and what we might expect in the next iteration of CanMEDS.  

Length of episode: 50:25 

Resources to check out:    

Lubarsky S, Dory V, Audétat M-C, Custers E, Charlin B. Using script theory to cultivate illness script formation and clinical reasoning in health professions education. Can. Med. Ed. J [Internet]. 2015 Dec. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cmej/article/view/36631 

Kahneman D, Klein G. Conditions for intuitive expertise: a failure to disagree. Am Psychol. 2009 Sep;64(6):515-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19739881/  

Contact us: [email protected]  

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In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam is joined by Dr. Sam Daniel as they discuss the challenges and innovations in today’s Continuing Professional Development (CPD) landscape. They explore the impact of CPD on physician behaviour, the importance of moral norms when it comes to engaging with CPD, and the barriers to effective learning. Sam shares insights from his recent paper and emphasizes the need for CPD educators to consider broader systemic changes, beyond simply content delivery. The conversation also touches on the future of CPD, including the role of AI and the importance of advocacy. 

Length of episode: 36:00 

Resources to check out:    

https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-023-04597-3

Contact us: [email protected]      

Follow: Dr. Adam Szulewski https://x.com/Adam_Szulewski      

Dans cet épisode de KeyLIME+, Adam reçoit le Dr Sam Daniel et discute avec lui des défis et innovations dans le milieu actuel du développement professionnel continu (DPC). Ensemble, ils explorent l’influence du DPC sur le comportement des médecins, l’importance des normes morales dans le contexte du DPC et les obstacles à un apprentissage efficace. Le Dr Daniel nous parle de son récent article et souligne la nécessité d’avoir du personnel enseignant au DPC qui envisage des changements systémiques plus vastes, au-delà de la simple présentation de contenu. La conversation porte aussi sur l’avenir du DPC, y compris le rôle de l’IA et l’importance de la sensibilisation.

Durée de l’épisode : 36 min.

Ressource à consulter :  

https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-023-04597-3

Pour communiquer avec nous : [email protected]    

Suivre : Dr Adam Szulewski https://x.com/Adam_Szulewski    

 The title of the study in English since it’s the official title and the paper is only available in English.

Description:   In this episode of KeyLIME+, Adam speaks with educational psychologist Anique de Bruin, exploring the concept of desirable difficulty in medical education. They discuss how well-designed challenging learning conditions can enhance long-term learning and knowledge transfer, despite the initial struggles that learners might face. The conversation delves into practical techniques such as retrieval practice and interleaved practice, the importance of self-regulated learning, and the new S2D2 framework. They also touch on the paradox of procrastination and its potential benefits, as well as the unique challenges of learning in clinical settings. 

 Length of episode: 37:00 minutes 

Resources: 

Make it stick: The science of successful learning by Peter C Brown, Henry L Roediger III, Mark A McDaniel 1st edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. 

Worth the Effort: the Start and Stick to Desirable Difficulties (S2D2) Framework | Educational Psychology Review 

Resources to check out:   

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10648-024-09852-7.pdf 

Study Smart - Study Smart 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211368120300279 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211368120300590 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10459-022-10149-z 

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