Kol Ramah

Parashat B-ha’alot’kha [Numbers 8:1-12:16] has a number of different topics, including the story where Miriam and Aaron apparently malign Moses and Miriam is punished with tza’ra’at [commonly translated as leprosy] and Pesach Sheni, the provision for the observance of Passover a month later for those who were too far from Jerusalem or were ritually impure when the holiday was supposed to be observed in Nisan. Our focus was mostly on the little story between Hovav [Moses’ father-in-law apparently] and Moses [Numbers 10:29-34], which has a parallel in Exodus 18.

We continue to have in our hearts and minds the hostages, dead and alive, who continue to be held in Gaza, may they speedily be returned to their families, and the soldiers defending Israel in the Israel Defense Forces, may they be removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom.

Parashat Naso [Numbers 4:21-7:89] contains, among other things, the longest chapter in the Torah, Numbers 7 which describes in detail the gifts of each of the tribal chieftains to the Tabernacle. Each chieftain gives the exact same gift, which is faithfully recorded, accounting for the length of the chapter. There are other things of note, including the rite of the suspected adulteress [sotah], and the Nazir, the one who takes upon himself additional restrictions for a prescribed period of time. Our entire conversation focused on the six verses [Numbers 6:22-27] which include the priestly blessing. We hope you enjoy it!

Over 600 days after October 7, 2023, we continue to keep in mind the hostages remaining in Gaza, both the living and the dead, and pray that they be returned speedily to their families. We also keep in mind those soldiers defending Israel as part of the Israel Defense Forces, may they be removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom.

Parashat B’midbar [Numbers 1:1-4:20] is the first parashah of the Book of Numbers. As befitting a book called Numbers, the parashah is filled with numbers, in particular, the number of men of fighting age in each tribe. An additional feature of the parashah is the tribal names of each of the tribes, which can provide interesting information for those who enjoy studying such things. Censuses, for many, are mind-numbing. We spent the first half of our conversation talking about the social structure revealed by the organization of the Israelite camp. The second half of our conversation was devoted to Shavuot, which begins Sunday evening, June 1. We hope you find something worthwhile for your deeper understanding of the parashah, and for the holiday which the rabbis identify as the Time of the Giving of the Torah.

As the hostage crisis passes 600 days, we continue to be mindful of those still in Gaza, both the living and the dead, and continue to pray fervently that they be speedily returned to their families. We also keep in mind those defending Israel as part of the Israel Defense Forces, may they be removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom and Hag Sa’me’ah.

Parashat B’har-B’hukotai [Leviticus 25-27], a double parashah, the third in four weeks for those keeping score, is the concluding reading from ספר ויקרא [the Book of Leviticus]. Leviticus is the shortest book in the Torah, only 27 chapters, and with all the double parashiyot this year, is finished in only seven weeks.

In his JPS Torah Commentary, Baruch Levine divides the reading into 3 sections: Principles of Land Tenure [25:1-26:2], Epilogue to the Holiness Code [26:3-46], more commonly known as the Tokhekhah [The Rebuke, with a parallel version in Deuteronomy 28], and Funding the Sanctuary [chapter 27]. Our discussion mostly focused on chapter 25, in particular the laws of sh’mittah [sabbatical year] and yovel [jubilee year]. On one hand it is hard to figure out how they worked in practice; on the other, it is hard to figure out how utopian legislation fits into a legal code. Is law supposed to be practical or aspirational?

This week we were shocked by the murders of Sarah Lynn Milgrim and Yaron Lischinsky, may their mourners be comforted together with all the mourners of Zion and Jerusalem. We continue to keep in mind the hostages who remain in Gaza, and pray fervently that they will be speedily returned to their families. We also keep in mind the soldiers defending Israel as part of the Israel Defense Forces, may they be removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom.

Parashat Emor [Leviticus 21:1-24:23] is perhaps best known for chapter 23, which describes the holidays and is the Torah reading on the 2nd day of Passover and the first 2 days of Sukkot. It is surrounded by laws related to the priesthood [including restrictions on contact with the dead and whom priests are permitted to marry] and a collection of laws which features one of the few narratives in Leviticus, the curious case of the blasphemer [24:10-22]. It is a spirited discussion; we hope you enjoy it!

We are fortunate to take note of the release of Edan Alexander, and continue to pray and hope for the release of all the remaining captives in Gaza, both the dead and the living. We continue to keep in mind the soldiers defending Israel as part of the Israel Defense Forces, may they be removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom.

Parashat Acharei Mot-K’doshim [Leviticus 16-20] is another double parashah. Acharei Mot is mostly known because it is read on Yom Kippur, chapter 16 about Yom Kippur in the morning, and chapter 18, traditionally, about the forbidden sexual relationships in the afternoon. K’doshim is perhaps best known for what Rabbi Aqiva recognized as the great principle of the Torah, v-ahavta l-rei’akha kamocha, you should love your neighbor as yourself [Lev. 19:18]. We took note that this verse is paired with a later one [19:34], which commands love of the resident alien in our midst as well.

It is hard to pass up the rich text of Leviticus 19, the beginning of the Holiness Code, and so we discussed some of the laws that spoke to us. We also discussed at some length the difference between Leviticus 19 and Exodus 20, which share many of the same laws but cast them in different lights. The Ten Commandments are addressed to the individual who belongs to a nation; chapter 19 is an exercise in community formation. While there is never enough time to discuss all that we want, there is always next week, and next year!

We continue to keep in mind the hostages you remain in Gaza, and pray fervently that they will be speedily returned to their families. We also keep in mind the soldiers defending Israel as part of the Israel Defense Forces, may they be removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom.

Tazria-Metzora [Leviticus 12-15] is the first in a series of doubled parashiyot in the Book of Leviticus. With its emphasis on afflictions of the body, some caused by disease and some caused by natural processes, it has been a test for those seeking to find homiletical material connected to the text. It has been well said that doubling up makes the task easier in that there is only one difficult week, rather than two.

Nevertheless, the parashiyot do raise some fascinating questions for the modern mind. Can we envision a priestly Judaism in 2025? Should we place as much emphasis on the body as a tool for religious expresssion as our ancestors apparently did? What might we learn from the biblical example where the issue of tumah and taharah [impurity and purity] with respect to tzara’at [often translated, mistakenly, as leprosy] is decided by the priest rather than the disease itself? And finally, the bayit ha-menuga, the house afflicted by leprosy, is one of 3 cases [the other two being the stubborn and rebellious son (Deuteronomy 21:18-21) and the city given over to idol worship (Deuteronomy 13:13-19], where one sage said the case never happened and another said he had personal witness. What do we make of two thoroughly incompatible opinions on the same page of the Talmud?

Since this is the week, too, of Yom Ha-zikkaron [Israel’s Memorial Day] and Yom Ha-atzma’ut [Israel’s Independence Day], we discussed these as well [we recorded Sunday night, 4/27/2025]. We feel even more keenly the plight of the hostages who remain in Gaza, and pray even more fervently for their speedy release and for the safety of all those who defend Israel as part of the Israel Defense Forces. Shabbat Shalom.

Parashat Sh’mini [Levitcus 9-11] is the third parashah in Levitcus, and features the culminating ceremony for the inauguration of the mishkan, what Baruch Levine calls “The Initiation of Formal Worship” in his JPS Commentary on Leviticus. It culminates with the tragic deaths of Nadav and Avihu, which we discuss at some length. We also touch upon Yom HaSho’ah, Holocaust Remebrance Day, which is observed Wednesday evening, April 23, and Thursday, April 24.

We are ever mindful of the hostages, dead and alive, and hope for the speedy return to their families. We pray that the soldiers defending Israel as part if its Defense Forces are removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom.

This shabbat is shabbat/yom tov sh’vi’i of Pesach, the shabbat that coincides with the 7th day of Pesach, which is a holiday. In Israel, where Eliot is for the birth of his 2nd granddaughter, it is the last day of Passover. In the Diaspora, Sunday [April 20th] is the 8th and concluding day of Passover.

For the rabbis, the 7th day of Passover was the day when the Israelites crossed the Sea of Reeds [sometimes mistakenly referred to as the Red Sea], which culminated with the song, Az Yashir [Exodus 15:1-21]. Our conversation focused almost entirely on the passage itself through the Sea of Reeds, and some of the elements of the song, which appears in two versions, one led by Moses, and a shorter one led by Miriam.

We continue to be mindful of the hostages still in Gaza, both the dead and the living, and the need for them to be returned to their families. In this season of redemption, we pray that redemption speedily comes to those held captive. We also keep in mind the soldiers defending Israel as part of Israel's Defense Forces, may they be removed from harm’s way. Shabbat Shalom v’Chag Sa’me’each.

Parashat Tzav [Leviticus 6:1-8:36] picks up where Parashat Va-yiqra leaves off, with a presentation of the principal individual sacrifices, only this time from the priest’s point ot view. Chapter 8 begins the inauguration cermeony of the priests, with its tragic denouement next week, with the deaths of Nadav and Avihu. We decided to leave Tzav for a future year’s discussion and discuss Passover [beginning Saturday night, April 12, 2025], and in particular the Haggadah. What is the story we tell?

As has been the case since 10/07/24, we are ever mindful of the hostages, dead and alive, who remain in Gaza and who need to be returned to their families. We also keep in mind the soldiers defending Israel as part of Israel’s Defense Forces, may they be removed from harms way. In this month of historic redemption may we witness the redemption of the captives. This, too, is a story that must be told this year, and perhaps every year thereafter.

Shabbat Shalom v-chag same'ach.