Kootenai Church Sunday School: Christian Ethics

How do we know the Bible we hold today actually contains God's words—all of them, and only them? In Lesson 26 of Christian Ethics and the Old Testament, Dave Rich works through the doctrine of canonicity and its direct bearing on Christian ethics. If the whole Bible teaches us which acts, attitudes, and attributes receive God's approval, then it matters enormously whether we have the right books.

Rich opens with three definitions of canon—exclusive, functional, and ontological—and argues that the most important one is often overlooked. Books don't become God's Word because the church recognized them. They are God's Word by virtue of what they are. Church recognition follows divine inspiration; it doesn't create it.

From there, Rich builds a case for confidence in the 66-book canon rooted in God's own stated purpose for His Word. If God speaks to accomplish something through His people, He will providentially ensure those people have access to what He has said. The near-unanimous agreement of the church across centuries on the canon—without any centralized authority enforcing it—is itself remarkable evidence of that providence.

Rich also walks through what doesn't belong: the Apocrypha and Deuterocanonical books added by the Council of Trent in 1546, the Pseudepigrapha, and the Gnostic gospels of Mary and Thomas. Each is examined and found wanting. The session closes with reasons to believe the canon is closed—structurally, historically, and textually. 

Dave Rich returns for Lesson 25 in the Christian Ethics and the Old Testament series. After establishing Scripture's authority through inspiration last session, this lesson works through the next essential questions: Is the Bible clear enough, necessary enough, and sufficient enough to serve as the foundation for Christian ethics?

Rich opens with the doctrine of the clarity of Scripture—what theologians call perspicuity—grounding it in passages from Deuteronomy, Psalms, and the New Testament epistles. The argument is straightforward: if the Word was given to ordinary Israelites, to children, to simple people across all kinds of circumstances, it is clear enough for Christians to use it for ethics. But Rich is careful to walk through honest qualifications. The unregenerate cannot fully understand Scripture. Clarity grows through study and obedience. No one comprehends all of it perfectly.

From clarity, the lesson moves to necessity. Could a believer do ethics without the Bible? Rich uses a thought experiment to show why the answer is no—conscience and general revelation together are simply not enough. The Bible is the only transcript of God's words and therefore the only source of absolute ethical norms.

The final section addresses sufficiency. Drawing on 2 Timothy 3 and Psalm 119, Rich argues that Scripture contains everything God requires us to know to live rightly—not as a ceiling on learning, but as a complete and binding standard. Nothing may bind the conscience that is not found there. Nothing is sin that Scripture does not call sin.

This lesson lays the groundwork for everything that follows in the series.

What makes the Bible the right place to go for Christian ethics? Before addressing how source material can be misused in moral reasoning, Dave Rich steps back to answer a more foundational question: why is Scripture authoritative in the first place?

In Lesson 24 of the Christian Ethics and the Old Testament series, Rich grounds the authority of Scripture in the doctrine of verbal inspiration — the biblical teaching that the words of the original autographs are God-breathed. Working through 2 Timothy 3:13–17, 2 Peter 1:16–21, and John 10:34–36, he demonstrates that Scripture claims for itself the status of God's own words. That claim, he argues, is what makes it binding.

Rich also examines what inspiration does and doesn't mean — distinguishing the biblical concept from the common English sense of the word — and surveys how Jesus himself appealed to single words and even verb tenses to settle disputes, showing that verbal inspiration is the only view the Bible's own use of itself supports.

The lesson closes with a brief look at the doctrine of preparation: how God's sovereignty over every detail of an author's life and background ensured that what they wrote was exactly what He intended — fully human, fully divine, and fully authoritative.

For anyone asking why the Bible should govern how we live, this lesson builds the foundation.

Christians are called to obey God's commands — not merely to know them. But what happens when Christian ethics slides into error, minimizing the obligation to obey? In Lesson 23, Dave Rich continues the survey of antinomian ethical ditches, finishing Christian pragmatism before turning to free grace theology and a topic he calls "Sovereign Constraints and the Death of Choice."

Christian pragmatism reduces ethics to results — the end justifies the means. Rich traces this error from secular teleological systems (utilitarianism, situationism, Ayn Rand's egoism) into the church itself, where seeker-sensitive ministry and personal excuse-making share the same root: a goal pursued without regard for what God actually commands. Uzzah, Saul, and Pilate each illustrate the point. Good intentions and desired outcomes never override obedience.

Free grace theology then comes under examination. Rich explains how the non-lordship position severs repentance from saving faith, and how in practice this licenses the false convert to remain in unrepentant sin while dismissing biblical confrontation as legalism.

The final and most searching topic is sovereign constraints — the tendency to treat addictions, disorders, and psychological conditions as though they override the Christian's ability to obey God. Rich draws a firm line: struggles shaped by repeated sinful choices are moral problems requiring repentance, not diseases requiring only treatment. No constraint, however powerful, is sovereign. God is.

For every Christian engaged in the hard work of sanctification, this lesson is a reminder: you are not helpless, and you are not hopeless.

What happens when Christian ethics goes wrong — on either side of the road? Lesson 22 of the Christian Ethics series covers the final rigorist errors and opens the antinomian ones.

Dave Rich finishes the fundamentalist ethic from the previous lesson, drawing a clear line between biblical separation and the error of letting the world define the church's ethic in opposition to it. He then addresses scrupulosity — moralism with an emotional edge. For those prone to a hypervigilant conscience, Rich offers a grounding corrective from 1 John, Psalm 103, and Hebrews: God is greater than your heart, your guilt is addressed in Christ, and you have an advocate when you sin.

From there, the lesson crosses to the other ditch. Christian universalism, traced through James Rellie and its modern expressions, removes any ethical stakes entirely. Licentiousness treats the gospel as a license to sin — a position Rich addresses plainly: if that is your view of salvation, you are not saved. The lesson closes with the opening of Christian pragmatism and the seeker-friendly movement's "end justifies the means" approach to church ministry.

A clarifying lesson for anyone thinking carefully about where Christian ethics goes off course.

What does it look like when law overrides grace? In Lesson 21 of the Christian Ethics series, Dave Rich identifies a class of ethical errors he calls "rigorism" — a broad category of views that elevate obedience to law above its proper biblical place, sometimes to the point of outright heresy.

Rich walks through four distinct expressions of this error. Pelagianism, the most extreme, denies grace entirely, insisting that human beings are inherently capable of meeting God's standard on their own — a direct assault on the gospel. Legalism, defined narrowly here, adds works as a condition for justification, making it equally damning. Moralism stops short of heresy but displaces the gospel from its rightful center, making ethical obedience the heart of the Christian faith rather than union with Christ. And fundamentalism, rightly understood in its historical roots, can drift into boundary-making for its own sake — creating rules where Scripture gives none.

Throughout, Rich keeps the gospel firmly in view. Obedience is real, required, and pleasing to God — but only in those who are already justified by grace through faith in Christ alone. The righteous deeds of a believer are not filthy rags. They matter. They please God. But they are the fruit of union with Christ, never the ground of standing before him.

A clarifying and gospel-anchored lesson for anyone who wants to think carefully about how Christians relate to the law.

What happens when obeying one of God's commands seems to require breaking another? Dave Rich continues this examination of impossible moral conflict by applying three major Christian ethical frameworks to two of history's most challenging scenarios: Rahab's lie to protect the Israelite spies, and the ten Boom family's decision to deceive Nazi soldiers to save Jewish lives.

Conflicting absolutism says Rahab did the right thing — but still sinned and needed forgiveness. Graded absolutism says her higher duty to protect life suspended the lesser duty to tell the truth, and she bears no guilt. Non-conflicting absolutism says the conflict was never real to begin with — either she sinned by choosing to lie, or what she did wasn't truly a lie by proper definition.

Each view carries genuine strengths and serious dangers. Can absolutes remain absolute if they can be set aside? Can redefining sin become a way to excuse it? And when Nazis are at the door, what does faithfulness to God actually look like?

Rich closes with a vital reminder: hard cases make bad law. The goal of Christian ethics isn't finding the perfect framework for the rare impossible moment — it's a life of steady obedience, pursued with love for Christ and a well-formed conscience grounded in Scripture.

What happens when obeying one command of God seems to require breaking another? That's the question at the center of this compelling lesson on Christian ethics — and it may be one of the most practically important questions a believer can wrestle with.

In this episode, Dave Rich opens a multi-part series on apparent moral conflict — those moments when two God-given duties seem to pull in opposite directions. Drawing from a wide sweep of biblical accounts — Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in the fiery furnace, Rahab, the Hebrew midwives, Abraham and Isaac, and many more — Dave lays out the three major Christian ethical frameworks used to address these conflicts: Conflicting Absolutism, Graded Absolutism, and Non-Conflicting Absolutism.

Rather than simply telling listeners what to think, Dave walks through the real strengths and serious problems of each approach, giving particular attention to Conflicting Absolutism. He applies these frameworks to the three friends in the furnace and a relatable modern scenario to show how each position actually works in practice.

This episode is essential for anyone who has ever faced a moral hard case and wondered whether God's commands can truly conflict — or whether the answer is found in understanding them more deeply. Solid, honest, and carefully reasoned, it's an invitation to wrestle well with what the whole Bible says.

Dave Rich concludes his examination of how Christians should approach the Old Testament for ethical guidance. Building on previous lessons about the Mosaic law, Rich shifts focus to the creation ordinances—commands given to Adam before the law of Moses even existed. He walks through Genesis to identify seven binding ordinances that remain in force today: procreation, subduing the earth, dominion over creatures, labor, the weekly Sabbath, and marriage. Rich demonstrates how these foundational commands inform modern ethical debates on work, environmentalism, marriage and sexuality, abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment. He shows how each of the Ten Commandments finds expression in New Testament teaching, proving that Christians haven't abandoned Old Testament morality but understand it through the lens of the new covenant established in Christ. The message includes practical teaching on the threefold use of God's law: its pedagogical function in revealing our sin and driving us to the gospel, its civil function in restraining evil and maintaining order, and its normative function in guiding believers toward obedience. Rich emphasizes that while Christians are not legally bound to the Mosaic law, they remain obligated to learn from it and apply its principles as God's revealed wisdom for righteous living.

Dave Rich continues his examination of how Christians should approach the Old Testament law. This teaching tackles one of the most debated questions in biblical ethics: Are believers still bound by the Mosaic law? Rich methodically works through the traditional categories of moral, ceremonial, and civil law, revealing why these divisions—while useful—don't actually appear in Scripture itself. He demonstrates that the Bible presents the law as a unified whole, yet the New Testament clearly teaches that Christians live under a new covenant established at Christ's death. Through careful exposition of passages from Hebrews, Jeremiah, Romans, and the Gospels, Rich shows how the old covenant has been surpassed by something better. He explains the distinction between being legally obligated to Mosaic law versus learning from its wisdom and principles. The message addresses real questions believers face: What about the Sabbath? Food laws? Civil penalties? Rich provides clarity on which Old Testament commands still apply and why, helping Christians navigate Scripture with both freedom and faithfulness to God's unchanging character. (199 words)