Latin in Layman’s - A Rhetoric Revolution podcast

July 08, 2024 Lower Body Musculature | Described and Etymologized

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1. **Gluteus Maximus**

- **Scientific Term:** Gluteus maximus

- **Etymology:** Latin "glūteus" (buttocks), "maximus" (largest)

- **Function:** Main extensor of the hip joint; involved in hip abduction and external rotation.

2. **Gluteus Medius**

- **Scientific Term:** Gluteus medius

- **Etymology:** Latin "glūteus" (buttocks), "medius" (middle)

- **Function:** Hip abduction and stabilization of the pelvis during walking.

3. **Gluteus Minimus**

- **Scientific Term:** Gluteus minimus

- **Etymology:** Latin "glūteus" (buttocks), "minimus" (smallest)

- **Function:** Hip abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

4. **Piriformis**

- **Scientific Term:** Piriformis

- **Etymology:** Latin "piriformis" (pear-shaped)

- **Function:** Hip external rotation and abduction; helps stabilize the sacroiliac joint.

5. **Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)**

- **Scientific Term:** Tensor fasciae latae

- **Etymology:** Latin "tensor" (to stretch), "fasciae" (band), "latae" (wide)

- **Function:** Hip abduction and medial rotation; stabilizes the hip and knee joints.

6. **Quadriceps Femoris Group**

- **Scientific Term:** Quadriceps femoris

- **Etymology:** Latin "quadriceps" (four-headed), "femoris" (of the thigh)

- **Function:** Knee extension; helps in hip flexion and stabilization.

- **Rectus Femoris**

- **Function:** Extends the knee and flexes the hip.

- **Vastus Lateralis**

- **Function:** Extends the knee; stabilizes the patella.

- **Vastus Medialis**

- **Function:** Extends the knee; helps stabilize the patella.

- **Vastus Intermedius**

- **Function:** Extends the knee.

7. **Hamstring Group**

- **Scientific Term:** Hamstrings

- **Etymology:** Old English "ham" (back of the knee), "string" (muscle or tendon)

- **Function:** Knee flexion and hip extension.

- **Biceps Femoris**

- **Function:** Flexes knee joint and laterally rotates leg.

- **Semimembranosus**

- **Function:** Flexes knee joint and medially rotates leg.

- **Semitendinosus**

- **Function:** Flexes knee joint and medially rotates leg.

8. **Adductor Group**

- **Scientific Term:** Adductors

- **Etymology:** Latin "adductor" (to bring towards)

- **Function:** Hip adduction; stabilizes the hip joint.

- **Adductor Magnus**

- **Function:** Powerful hip adductor; assists in hip extension.

- **Adductor Longus**

- **Function:** Hip adduction; assists in hip flexion.

- **Adductor Brevis**

- **Function:** Hip adduction.

- **Gracilis**

- **Function:** Hip adduction and assists in knee flexion.

9. **Iliopsoas**

- **Scientific Term:** Iliopsoas

- **Etymology:** Greek "ilio-" (of the ilium), "psoas" (muscle of the loin)

- **Function:** Hip flexion; stabilizes the trunk and spine.

- **Iliacus**

- **Function:** Assists in hip flexion and stabilization.

- **Psoas Major**

- **Function:** Flexes hip joint and stabilizes lumbar spine.

10. **Quadratus Lumborum**

- **Scientific Term:** Quadratus lumborum

- **Etymology:** Latin "quadratus" (square), "lumborum" (of the loins)

- **Function:** Lateral flexion of the trunk; stabilizes the spine and pelvis.

...more

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