حلقة لكل اللي محتاس في شابتر الترانزستور من أبطال الثانوية العامة

المصادر

1. Fire

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/sc...

https://time.com/5295907/discover-fire/

2. Motivation for developing transistors

Crystal Fire: The Birth of the Information Age - Lillian Hoddeson and Michael Riordan

https://ethw.org/Bell_Labs

https://money.cnn.com/2001/07/09/deal...

3. How does it work?

https://www.britannica.com/technology...

https://www.engineering.com/Electroni...

4. The impact of the transistor on modern life

https://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/w...

Images Credits:

• Wikimedia Commons (Graham Bell/ Bell making a call / Telephone Patent Drawing/ Audion Tube/ Lee De Forest/ De Forest with the Amplifier/ Bell’s first transcontinental call/ ENIAC/ William Brattain/ John Bardeen /William Shockley/ Diode/ Replica of first transistor / Integrated Circuits/ Bipolar Junction Transistor/ Apple II)

• Computerhistory. com (ENIAC/ Notes about Bell lab’s semiconductor transistor/ Mohammed Atallah / Dawon Kahng/ MOSFET)

• Sciencehistory. crg (Shockley transistor diode)

• IBM. com (Apollo Guidance Computer)

• historicnewsclippings. com (News of Apollo Mission)

• Britannica. com (Steve Wozniak/ Steve Jobs)

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